{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:58:54Z","timestamp":1790506734804,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82060372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82060372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81760372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81760372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alveolar echinococcosis\u00a0is a potentially lethal zoonosis caused by the cestode <jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic>. This study is to investigate the dynamic changes of monocytes, macrophages, and related cytokines in animal models of persistent infection of <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An infection model was established by intraperitoneal injection of a protoscolex suspension. The pathological changes of liver were observed by HE staining. The percentage of Ly6C<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> and Ly6C<jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup> Monocytes in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry. The distribution and expression of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, iNOS, CD163, and CD11b in the liver were detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and Arg1 in the liver was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.\u00a0The expression of INF\u2010\u03b3, interleukin\u201017 (IL\u201017), IL\u20104, and IL\u201010 in peripheral blood was detected by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hematoxylin\u2010eosin(HE) staining showed that significant lesions appeared in the later stages of infection in the liver. The proportion of Ly6C<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> monocytes in the peripheral blood of the experimental group mice decreased after a brief rise, Ly6C<jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup> monocytes decreased first and then increased. The expression of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, CD11b, CD163, and iNOS in the mice liver of the experimental group was increased. The expression level of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and Arg1 mRNA in the liver of the experimental group\u00a0mice increased. The expression level of IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u201017, IL\u20104, and IL\u201010 increased with the duration of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monocytes as a supplement to hepatic macrophage, monocytes and kupffer cells may both participate in Th1 and Th2 immune responses by differentiating into M1 or M2 at different stages of <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T12:49:36Z","timestamp":1664196576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Monocyte\u2010derived macrophages: The supplements of hepatic macrophage in <i>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/i> infected mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi China"},{"name":"Department of Hepatic Hydatid First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatic Hydatid First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatic Hydatid First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Center Children's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatic Hydatid First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaoyu","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Medical College Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanlin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatic Hydatid First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases Shandong First Medical University &amp; Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8011-7513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiumin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi China"},{"name":"Department of Hepatic Hydatid First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8091032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00558-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136774"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MCHD-0033-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0710409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S344508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1119964109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33440-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.6.3315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61737-979-6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aar7754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.1.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500839"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.699","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/iid3.699","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T16:09:28Z","timestamp":1692634168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.699","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e699"}}