{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:00:56Z","timestamp":1782316856663,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study assesses the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in first time visitors to the STIs clinic in Hangzhou, China, considering different genders, ages and symptoms. And also explores howthe COVID\u201019 pandemic has affected on STIs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2019 to 2023, 27,283 first time visitors were tested for nine distinct STIs, including <jats:italic>Human Papillomavirus<\/jats:italic> (HPV), <jats:italic>Human Immunodeficiency Virus<\/jats:italic> (HIV), syphilis, <jats:italic>Herpes Simplex Virus type 2<\/jats:italic> (HSV\u20102), <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic> (UU), <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> (CT), <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> (NG), <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic> (MG), and vaginal Candida.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptomatic male and female visitors showed overall STI\u2010positive rates of 39.27% and 59.20%, respectively(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The top three pathogens in both genders were HPV (47.56% and 56.71%), UU (29.21% and 56.47%), and HSV\u20102 (22.41% and 52.94%). Among asymptomatic visitors, the total STI\u2010positive rate was 36.63% in males and 52.03% in females. Age\u2010stratified analysis revealed higher STI rates in visitors\u2009\u2264\u200920 or &gt;50 years, regardless of gender and symptoms. During the COVID\u201019 pandemic, symptomatic visitors showed lower positive rates for HPV, HIV, syphilis, and HSV\u20102, while Candida, UU, CT, NG, and multiple infections increased. Among asymptomatic visitors, HPV had the lowest positive rate, while NG and multiple infections increased during the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>STI prevalence is notably high, particularly in those aged\u2009\u2264\u200920 and &gt;50 years. It emphasizes the need for enhanced health education, condom use, and vaccination. The COVID\u201019 pandemic impacting STIs through varied factors, such as reduced sexual activity and clinical service interruption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T14:10:01Z","timestamp":1725286201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among first time visitors at STIs clinic in Hangzhou, China: Assessing the influence of the COVID\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0472-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiyun","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baobing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou  Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Accountability for the global health sector strategies 2016\u20132021: actions for impact","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02889"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.su7201a7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-0530-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2160491"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/159137"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Review of HPV\u2010related diseases and cancers","volume":"40","author":"Brianti P","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.26523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.237149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2018.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01177-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580211065684","article-title":"Trend analysis of the profiles of 12 sexually transmitted disease pathogens in the Republic of Korea in 2019","volume":"58","author":"Park HJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inquiry J Med Care Organizat Prov Finan"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.74978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181cfcb34"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v27i6.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2022.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2524.2001.00285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/psrh.12151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002640"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-03024-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001551"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T18:03:36Z","timestamp":1744394616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.70009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.70009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.70009","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70009"}}