{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:35:19Z","timestamp":1780054519927,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radiation proctitis (RP) refers to rectal injury caused by radiation treatment of pelvic and retroperitoneal malignancies, which has a major impact on the treatment prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. The tetracyclic triterpene saponin monomer ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3), the primary bioactive ingredient in ginseng extracts, has therapeutic effects against RP in rats. Here, we validated its efficacy and elucidated its mechanism of action.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A rat RP model was established in 48 Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into control (untreated), irradiation, irradiation\u2009+\u2009dexamethasone, and irradiation\u2009+\u2009GRg3 (low\u2010, medium\u2010, and high\u2010dose) groups. After 2 weeks' treatment, serum IL\u20104, IL\u201010, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels were tested by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays. In rectal tissue, <jats:italic>Ikbkb, Ikka<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Casp8<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression was detected by a reverse transcription\u2010quantitative polymerase chain reaction. IKK\u2010\u03b2, I\u03baB\u2010\u03b1, p\u2010I\u03baB\u2010\u03b1, p50, and caspase\u20108 protein levels were determined by western blot analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GRg3 significantly improved the general condition and histopathological damage in rats with RP. Moreover, GRg3 decreased the levels of factors that promote inflammation (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and increased the levels of factors that reduce inflammation (IL\u20104 and IL\u201010). GRg3 markedly reduced the activation of NF\u2010\u03baB and caspase\u20108 signaling pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thus, GRg3 may reduce the inflammatory response by blocking the NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway and improving the balance of inflammation\u2010related factors. GRg3 may also inhibit intestinal cell apoptosis by suppressing the TNF\u2010\u03b1\/caspase\u20108 signaling cascade, thereby reducing radiological rectal injury. Our results verify that GRg3 is a promising therapeutic agent for RP treatment and shed light on its mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T13:42:30Z","timestamp":1727185350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy and mechanism of action of ginsenoside Rg3 on radiation proctitis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8693-7739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuxia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Suqian First People's Hospital  Suqian 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