{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:54:50Z","timestamp":1791482090732,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE021052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE021052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE027147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE027147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE027980"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE027980"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polarization of macrophages (M\u03c6) is a well\u2010controlled axis with considerable consequences in both the pro\u2010inflammatory and resolution phases of inflammation. We aimed to determine if periodontal therapy may instigate M1 to M2 M\u03c6 polarization favoring resolution of inflammation within periodontal tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gingival biopsies were excised from subjects diagnosed with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis before and 4\u20136 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Total RNA was isolated and pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory markers associated with M\u03c6 polarization assessed by RT\u2010qPCR. Mice were subject to ligature\u2010induced periodontitis and gingival tissues collected after 8 days in\u2010situ or 10 days after ligature removal and M1 and M2 M\u03c6 markers examined by RT\u2010qPCR and flow cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In human samples, improvement in clinical parameters posttherapy correlates with reduced bacterial burden, downregulation in M1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1, STAT1, CXCL10, and miR\u2010155), and elevated levels of M2 (STAT6, TGM2, CCL22, and IL\u201010) M\u03c6 markers. In a murine model of resolution of LIP, we observed reduced levels of M1 M\u03c6 markers\n                      <jats:italic>cox2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>iNOS2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , F4\/80+CD80+, and F4\/80+CD86+ and elevated levels of M2\u2010like M\u03c6 markers\n                      <jats:italic>tgm2<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>arg1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , F4\/80+CD206+ and F4\/80+CD163+ corroborated human findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resolution of periodontal inflammation is associated with M1 to M2 M\u03c6 polarization after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Assessment of M\u03c6 markers can provide relevant clinical information on the successful response of periodontal therapy and may be used to target nonresponders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T09:14:19Z","timestamp":1729588459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dynamic changes in macrophage polarization during the resolution phase of periodontal disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7660-0430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juhi R.","family":"Uttamani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Private Practice Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Private Practice Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6044-0209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Araceli","family":"Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0187-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raza Ali","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry University of Illinois Chicago Chicago Illinois 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