{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:45:53Z","timestamp":1791380753073,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overwhelming majority of pituitary tumors consist of pituitary adenomas (PAs), which have recently also been termed pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Clinically significant PAs occur in approximately one in every 1000 individuals, while other types of pituitary tumors, such as craniopharyngiomas and pituicytomas, are significantly less common. Although PAs are generally benign, a subset of them exhibits malignant\u2010like biological traits. They tend to infiltrate and grow aggressively into adjacent tissues and organs, including the dura mater, cavernous sinus, and sphenoid sinus. This invasive behavior often results in the destruction of the normal anatomical architecture of the sella turcica and skull base. Clinically, such tumors are classified as invasive PAs (IPAs), emphasizing their aggressive and destructive nature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective and Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, the diagnostic indicators for IPAs frequently suffer from suboptimal sensitivity and specificity. The invasiveness assessment of PAs lacks a definitive gold standard and instead serves as a predictive tool, with a greater number of indicators met suggesting a higher likelihood of invasiveness. Consequently, a comprehensive approach that integrates imaging, pathological, molecular biological, and other disciplinary metrics is crucial for accurate evaluation. Despite surgery being the primary treatment modality for IPAs, their malignant\u2010like behavior complicates complete resection, resulting in lower resection rates and heightened postoperative recurrence, necessitating multiple surgeries. Therefore, adjunctive drug therapy is often necessary for IPA patients. Preoperative drug therapy can shrink tumor size, facilitating resection and postoperative recovery, mitigating hormone imbalances, delaying recurrence, and enhancing patients' quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article comprehensively reviews the diagnostic criteria for assessing the invasiveness of PAs in the domains of imaging, pathology, and molecular biology, provides an overview of the current research status of drug therapy for these conditions, and deepens our insight into the biological and therapeutic aspects of the tumor microenvironment in PAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T13:30:18Z","timestamp":1734442218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Advancements in Molecular Diagnosis and Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies for Invasive Pituitary Adenomas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dingkai","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The First Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Liangzhou Hospital Wuwei Gansu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5947-8637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maohua","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The First Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00883-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.5444"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0854-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020514"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00550-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2021.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3438-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2023.102900"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0390-5616.18.04419-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00280-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01428-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09557-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-020-02431-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2022.2144230"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41016-022-00290-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17795\/ijcp-3504"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-021-00410-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2024.103001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01408-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Visual Field Defects in Non\u2010Functioning Pituitary Adenomas","volume":"50","author":"Thomas R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.8.JNS161290"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2022.104144"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106942"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.JNS141083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01122-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.3.JNS19367"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.807040"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Neuronavigation\u2010Guided Pure Endoscopic Endonasai Transsphenoidal Approach for Pituitary Adenomas","volume":"95","author":"Hu C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0440-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2018-0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-022-2673-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012945129981"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Clinical Aggression of Prolactinomas: Correlations With Invasion and Recurrence","volume":"54","author":"Popescu M. N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology = Revue Roumaine de Morphologie et Embryologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2019.34.3.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-18-0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040977"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2013.0447"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-022-01780-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-008-1029-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030089160308900112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11887"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2020.875"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3166"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1776-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.189047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15235685"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-00962-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-018-9563-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01437-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1302667"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02736-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6375"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2016.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00290"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","first-page":"475","article-title":"Research Advances in Pituitary Adenoma and DNA Methylation","volume":"38","author":"Wei Z. Q.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yi Xue ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182920"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.771354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-021-02383-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2019-0336"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.900092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1142-8815"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000001309"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cbr.2020.3587"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000001385"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03861-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33863"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-022-02186-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.111140"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15133375"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016148"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1268644"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530902805651"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03351-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2019.3010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000531200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-19-0327"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02739952"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000079040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-12-71"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-991131"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-023-09755-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034767"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11123315"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad079"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-111315-125227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.December.16.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5839528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0304-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896912471850"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Correlation Between the Expression of Interleukin\u20106, STAT3, E\u2010Cadherin and N\u2010Cadherin Protein and Invasiveness in Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas","volume":"82","author":"Shen X.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Neurological Surgery. Part B, Skull Base"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2018.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlae034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad174"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58081095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000495184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0781-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.6.JNS191187"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01270-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022356313153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013148"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15020496"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0071-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.7.FOCUS10169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19699"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2023.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-0863-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000351007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03598-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101713"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.9.FOCUS22225"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-015-0505-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000344"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-011-0346-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000073783.96617.3A"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-018-2844-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12010023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1722"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03476-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13263"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02145-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa449"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T14:43:06Z","timestamp":1735224186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.70098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.70098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.70098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70098"}}