{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T02:16:24Z","timestamp":1785377784598,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several respiratory viruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome\u2010Coronavirus\u20102 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), suppress nuclear factor\u2010E2\u2010related factor\u20102 (NRF2) antioxidant response, generating oxidative stress conditions to its advantage. NRF2 has also been reported to regulate the innate immune response through the inhibition of the interferon (IFN) pathway. However, its modulation in younger individuals and its correlation with the IFN response remain to be elucidated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The NRF2 and redox\u2010related genes expression was examined in nasopharyngeal swabs from children attending the pediatric hospital for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 molecular testing. Expression levels were analyzed by stratifying the population according to the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 positivity, age, or the presence of symptoms. The results were correlated with Types I and III IFN genes and IFN\u2010stimulated genes (ISGs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that NRF2 expression was markedly diminished in positive patients compared to negative. Moreover, it correlated with higher expression of IFN\u03b12 and IFN\u03bb3, as well as ISG15 and ISG56. Interestingly, symptomatic patients with anosmia\/ageusia showed pronounced expression of apurinic\/apyrimidinic endonuclease1\/redox factor 1 (APE1), together with Type I IFNs, ISG56, and the inflammasome component NLRP3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate an interdependence between NRF2 antioxidant pathway and IFN\u2010mediated response during SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection in young subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T06:51:20Z","timestamp":1736923880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["NRF2 Antioxidant Response and Interferon\u2010Stimulated Genes Are Differentially Expressed in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010Positive Young Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9212-4972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Toscanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia\u2010Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2885-2382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Fracella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1916-6508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia\u2010Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 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