{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T14:56:13Z","timestamp":1793976973020,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated immune responses and multi\u2010organ involvement. Dysregulation of apoptosis, a key process for maintaining immune homeostasis, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non\u2010coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, have emerged as important modulators of apoptosis in immune cells, influencing the balance between immune tolerance and autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to comprehensively summarize recent advancements in understanding the roles of miRNAs in apoptosis regulation within immune cells in SLE, highlighting their therapeutic potential for restoring immune balance and mitigating disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aberrant expression of specific miRNAs contributes to the dysregulation of apoptosis in SLE immune cells. Pro\u2010apoptotic miRNAs, such as miR\u2010125b and miR\u2010150, are often downregulated, leading to enhanced survival of autoreactive immune cells. Conversely, anti\u2010apoptotic miRNAs, including miR\u201021, are upregulated, further disrupting the delicate balance of immune cell apoptosis. Dual\u2010function miRNAs, such as miR\u2010155, exhibit context\u2010dependent roles based on cellular environments and target gene interactions. This dysregulation promotes the persistence of autoreactive immune cells and the development of autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>miRNAs play critical roles in modulating apoptosis pathways, making them promising therapeutic targets for SLE. Restoring the balance of pro\u2010apoptotic and anti\u2010apoptotic miRNAs could help reinstate immune tolerance and reduce tissue damage. Future research should focus on elucidating miRNA targetomes, improving delivery systems, and addressing off\u2010target effects to fully harness their therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T08:05:43Z","timestamp":1738829143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role of miRNAs in Apoptosis Pathways of Immune Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Amin","family":"Azizan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4324-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Tahereh","family":"Faezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmadreza","family":"Jamshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Alikhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8164-8831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20142146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0482-50042011000100006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.261"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emerging Technologies in Medicine: Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Medical Automation","volume":"3","author":"Rezaei M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kindle"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-020-00212-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160613084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2010.536794"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63176-6"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","article-title":"An Overview of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Pathogenesis, Classification, and Management","volume":"14","author":"Ameer M. 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