{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T13:17:20Z","timestamp":1763644640238,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, leading to intestinal inflammation and various clinical manifestations. Serum proteins are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers in CD, reflecting inflammation, malabsorption, and immune activation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review aims to elucidate the role of serum proteins in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of CD, emphasizing their potential as noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted, focusing on key serum proteins such as albumin, transthyretin (TTR), transferrin, \u03b22\u2010microglobulin (\u03b22M), C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulins. Their alterations in CD and their relevance to disease activity, nutritional status, and treatment response were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD\u2010related inflammation leads to increased acute\u2010phase proteins (e.g., CRP) and decreased transport proteins (e.g., albumin, TTR, transferrin), contributing to malnutrition and anemia. TTR serves as a sensitive marker of nutritional status, while transferrin levels correlate with iron deficiency, a common CD complication. Immunoglobulin profiles reflect immune responses to gluten. These proteins provide insights into CD pathophysiology and offer potential utility for diagnosis and monitoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum proteins represent promising biomarkers for CD diagnosis and management, with potential for integration into clinical practice. Further research is necessary to validate their utility in routine patient care and explore their role in personalized therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T06:25:13Z","timestamp":1746512713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unraveling the Serum Protein Landscape in Celiac Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sajjad","family":"Bakhtiari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behrooz","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Asri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Rezaei\u2010Tavirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Jahani\u2010Sherafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Masotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital\u2010IRCCS, Research Laboratories Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2495-1831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Rostami\u2010Nejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01295-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2018.09.004"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_19_4_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Genetic Susceptibilty and Celiac Disease: What Role Do HLA Haplotypes Play?","volume":"89","author":"Sciurti M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01471.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709787909613"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-023-10175-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i42.6036"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020500"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1380-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2010.01518.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_19_12_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Subclinical Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitivity","volume":"4","author":"Rostami Nejad M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01295-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_19_14_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Protein\u2010Protein Interaction Network of Celiac Disease","volume":"9","author":"Zamanian Azodi M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181818fb9"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.273.hey"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2010.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31824b2277"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5081303"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v9.i5.448"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i38.4194"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods7010005"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2017.08.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_19_25_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Understanding and Interpreting Serum Protein Electrophoresis","volume":"71","author":"O'connell T. X.","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866023408779"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_27_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Acute Phase Proteins","author":"Samols D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.76489"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2005.B1045"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bmc-2013-0038"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-020-00217-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_32_1","first-page":"2177","volume-title":"Serum Prealbumin: Is It a Marker of Nutritional Status or of Risk of Malnutrition?","author":"Shenkin A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.09.021"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_19_34_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Transthyretin: A Marker for Celiac Disease Activity","volume":"29","author":"Reifen R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.10.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00299"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1451"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5081303"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200x.2004.01986.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_19_41_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Clinical Presentations and Biochemical Profile in Adult Celiac Disease Patients in Hyderabad: Pakistan","volume":"30","author":"Masood N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1116_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001234"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_19_44_1","article-title":"Change in Patient MELD\u2010Na and Albumin Level From the Time of Celiac Disease Diagnosis to Six Months Later After Gluten\u2010Free Diet","volume":"12","author":"Essrani R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032001000200005"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1988.10720260"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12186017"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/tjb-2016-0296"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_19_52_1","first-page":"498","article-title":"Total Oxidant Status, Total Antioxidant Capacity and Ischemia Modified Albumin Levels in Children With Celiac Disease","volume":"57","author":"Sayar E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/406960"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239187"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TACG.S10604"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02945176"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92258-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198610000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_59_1","first-page":"388","article-title":"Increased Serum \u03b22\u2010Microglobulin Levels in Active Celiac Disease","volume":"4","author":"Blanco A.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.11.948"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwv041"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.1985.tb08867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S346648","article-title":"Molecular Functions of Ceruloplasmin in Metabolic Disease Pathology","volume":"15","author":"Liu Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0043-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-018-3407-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181354294"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181f988fc"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2016.1246639"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0043-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/17.8.437"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i3.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.098780"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3309"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2007.00898.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.098780"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v10.i3.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051695"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-013-0423-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20996"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103437"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-006-9062-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_82_1","unstructured":"A. S.OgunandA.Adeyinka \u201cBiochemistry Transferrin \u201d inStatPearls(StatPearls Publishing 2022)."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_19_83_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Red Blood Indices, Platelet Count and Transferrin Levels in Celiac Patients With and Without Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan","volume":"13","author":"Siddiqui K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Khyber Medical University Journal."},{"key":"e_1_2_19_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10492-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22141\/2308-2097.54.1.2020.199139"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2006.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24996\/ijs.2024.65.2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.13255"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12073"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.01.018"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_19_91_1","first-page":"1214","article-title":"Beta 2 Microglobulin in Kidney Failure: A Review and an Algorithm for Renal Replacement Therapy","volume":"32","author":"Assounga A. G.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i31.10916"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/68291"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/gulhane.galenos.2020.1070"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.1990.tb10121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02934486"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_19_97_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Beta 2\u2010Microglobulin: Its Significance and Clinical Usefulness","volume":"20","author":"Bethea M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072073"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2011.01.2252"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200717090334"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-0086"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/tjb-2021-0053"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129974"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v9.i8.652"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1017209"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab775"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14554"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000437"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12360"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00754"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.06.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.9.6.1295-1300.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13176"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31824b2277"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8632861"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32833dccf8"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.128132"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.2.192-196.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.3.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.11.1567"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095350"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i46.17686"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_19_125_1","article-title":"Pediatric Selective IgM Immunodeficiency","volume":"2008","author":"Goldstein M. F.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical & Developmental Immunology"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70169","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T06:06:23Z","timestamp":1748498783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.70169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.70169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.70169","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2050-4527"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2050-4527"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70169"}}