{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:14:45Z","timestamp":1783721685067,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Babesiosis is a tick\u2010transmitted illness caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus babesia. The severity of babesiosis ranges from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are common interrelated inflammatory disorders that almost occur in people aged over 50 years. This report presents the first case of concurrent babesiosis and GCA\/PMR in an old person.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 63\u2010year\u2010old man was admitted to the hospital with a 1\u2010month history of fevers, accompanied by headache, muscle pain and fatigue. Laboratory tests revealed hemolytic anemia, with elevated C\u2010reactive protein, serum IL\u20106 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. FDG positron\u2010emission tomography\u2010computed tomography (PET\u2010CT) scan exhibited increased uptake in aortic wall, multiple medium\u2010to\u2010large arteries and soft tissues. A blood smear revealed Babesia microti intracellular ring forms. Babesia microti infection was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. This patient was diagnosed as concurrent babesiosis and GCA\/PMR. He was treated with glucocorticoid and antimicrobial therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concurrent babesiosis and GCA\/PMR is rare. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of interaction between babesiosis and human immune system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T10:26:06Z","timestamp":1742379966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Case Report: Concurrent Babesiosis and GCA\/PMR"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5286-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haohua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0380-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi\u2010Ming","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.10155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1635431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/525852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2021.e01368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/sci.2017.01.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12901"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.1768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06250-9"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T07:10:52Z","timestamp":1763709052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.70182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.70182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.70182","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70182"}}