{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:21:16Z","timestamp":1790612476004,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The etiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) has not been clearly defined. The role of autoantibodies in RSA has particularly attracted much attention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis was performed to explore the combinatory efficacy of five drugs (aspirin enteric\u2010coated tablets, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, methylprednisolone tablets, calcitriol capsules, and vitamin D calcium) in treating RSA patients with antinuclear antibody (ANA)\u2010positive but could not be diagnosed with autoimmune diseases (AID) through assessment of treatment\u2010related impact on subsequent pregnancy outcomes and adverse reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method of the Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who took medication regularly were defined as the observation group (125 cases), and patients who did not take medication or took medication less than 1 month as the control group (86 cases). According to the ANA titer, patients were further divided into subgroups of 1:100, 1:320, and 1:1000, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparison of the observation and the control groups without ANA subgrouping showed that the live birth rate in the observation group was higher (odds ratio 3.312, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and the miscarriage rate was lower than that of the control group (odds ratio 0.302, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Statistically significant results were obtained in ANA titer 1:100 subgrouping (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). There was no significant difference between the observation groups and the control groups for the ANA titers 1:320 and 1:1000. No statistically significant differences were observed in pregnancy rate, birthweight, neonatal 1\u2010min Apgar score, and incidence of pregnancy complications between the observation and the control groups. Besides, the treatment showed a low incidence of adverse effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summary, RSA patients who are ANA positive (titer 1:100) but not yet diagnosed as AID can have improved pregnancy outcomes after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T09:53:57Z","timestamp":1749722037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of Treatment and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Antinuclear Antibody\u2010Positive Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5351-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ancong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine Linyi People's Hospital Linyi Shandong 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