{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:39:20Z","timestamp":1754163560194,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) and associated with systemic inflammation. Inflammation is an important process that follows infection and facilitates the body's innate immune response and repair of damaged tissue. Polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important role in the inflammatory process. These lipids can target transcription factors to modulate gene expression and protein function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we performed a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and immunoassays to evaluate whether differences in basal levels of different types of biomarkers can be detected in freshly frozen plasma samples from patients with and without COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>FAME analysis showed a decrease in arachidic acid and myristic acid, but an increase in caprylic acid, palmitic acid, and eicosenoic acid in the plasma of COVID\u201019 patients compared to non\u2010COVID\u201019 patients. Multiple chemokines including IP\u201010, MCP\u20101, and MIP\u20101 beta were increased in the COVID\u201019 group compared to the non\u2010COVID\u201019 group. Similarly, cytokines including IL\u20101 alpha and IL\u20108, and cell adhesion and inflammatory response markers including ICAM\u20101 and E\u2010selectin were greater in the plasma of COVID\u201019 patients compared to non\u2010COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A baseline signature of specific polyunsaturated fatty acids, cytokines, and chemokines present in the plasma after COVID\u201019 viral infection may serve as biomarkers that can be useful in various applications including determination of severity of infection, indication of disease prognosis, and consideration for therapeutic options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T09:53:58Z","timestamp":1751968438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Protein 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