{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:24:02Z","timestamp":1790871842231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Remdesivir and molnupiravir have been approved and are being used as viable treatment options for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019). This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis sought to evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of these two antiviral drugs in the treatment of COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An extensive search was conducted across several databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and medRxiv, up to July 1, 2024. To evaluate the risk of bias, a standardized bias assessment tool was used. Data from the selected studies were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta\u2010Analysis software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis included data from 10 studies, encompassing a total of 5766 patients. According to the meta\u2010analysis, remdesivir and molnupiravir showed no statistically significant differences in mortality (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20092.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67, 9.57), hospitalizations (OR\u2009=\u20092.43, 95% CI: 0.81, 7.24), viral clearance rates (OR\u2009=\u20091.49, 95% CI: 0.64, 3.46), or average time to viral clearance (standardized mean difference\u2009=\u20090.02, 95% CI: \u22120.40, 0.46). However, the incidence of adverse events was lower in the remdesivir group (OR\u2009=\u20090.49, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.93). The certainty of evidence for these findings was evaluated and determined to be low or moderate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of this study suggest that remdesivir and molnupiravir have similar effectiveness in treating COVID\u201019 outpatients; however, molnupiravir is associated with a higher rate of adverse events. Additional studies are required to enable a more thorough evaluation of these treatments for COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T05:59:01Z","timestamp":1760680741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparing the Effectiveness and Safety of Remdesivir and Molnupiravir in COVID\u201019: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Seyed Hamid Pakzad","family":"Moghadam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sarkoohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zia","family":"Navidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Amani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnam","family":"Amani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-9298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Khorramnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Rafsanjan Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"520","article-title":"Role of the 1st Booster Dose of COVID\u201019 Vaccine in the Protection Against the Infection: A Fundamental Public Health Tool","volume":"63","author":"Calimeri S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07639-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040206620961712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2021.100818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S345665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20587384211002621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2024.2326561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01671-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-additional-oral-antiviral-treatment-covid-19-certain."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-approves-first-treatment-covid-19."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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