{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T07:39:12Z","timestamp":1786606752249,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the underlying mechanisms through which electroacupuncture (EA) at the Guanyuan (CV4) acupoint inhibits sympathetic activity and neurogenic inflammatory responses to relieve pain in rats with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were used to establish a PID rat model. EA was evaluated at frequencies of 2, 100, and 2\/100\u2009Hz, and 2\/100\u2009Hz was selected for subsequent investigation. The rats were randomly divided into the control, model, EA\u2010guanyuan (2\/100\u2009Hz), and EA\u2010nonsensitized groups (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096). Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were assessed using von Frey filaments. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate the histopathology. The tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was analyzed using immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin\u20102 (IL\u20102), transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 (TGF\u2010\u03b21), intercellular cell adhesion molecule\u20101 (ICAM\u20101), 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine receptor 3 (5\u2010HT3R), substance P (SP), hyaluronic acid (HA), and bradykinin (BK) were measured using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression of 5\u2010HT3R, calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide (CGRP), HA, Kininogen 1 (KNG1), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), and trefoil factor 2 (TFF2). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe synaptic connections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      EA at CV4 reduced the behavioral pain score (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), increased MWT and TWL, and alleviated uterine tissue pathological damage in rats. EA at CV4 reduced the levels of 5\u2010HT3R, CGRP, BK, HA, KNG1, PGI2SP, TGF\u2010\u03b21, ICAM\u20101, and TNF\u2010\u03b1, and increased IL\u20102 levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, EA at CV4 inhibited sympathetic activity by decreasing TH expression (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, EA at CV4 restored the synaptic connections between the pelvic nerves of the dorsal commissural neuron (DCN).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EA at CV4 alleviated the pathological damage and pain sensitization of uterine tissue in rats with PID by inhibiting sympathetic activity and neurogenic inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T06:58:43Z","timestamp":1762412323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Electroacupuncture of Guanyuan (CV4) Acupoint Improved Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pain by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Sympathetic Activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9714-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1411426"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701658"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181e92c54"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00106-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab116"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.10.019"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","article-title":"Antibiotic Therapy for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease","volume":"8","author":"Savaris R. 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