{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T23:14:15Z","timestamp":1787440455106,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In winter 2024\/2025, one of the most severe U.S. influenza epidemics since 2017, with 82 million illnesses and ~ 130,000 deaths, eclipsed a comparatively subdued SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 wave (~ 20 million infections, ~540,000 hospitalizations, ~63,000 COVID\u201019 deaths), a hypothesis supported by existing CDC data and virological models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza's robust interferon response might have contributed to suppression of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 replication, creating an antiviral environment that delayed COVID\u201019's winter surge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro studies demonstrate influenza interference with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, reversible by oseltamivir, supporting this hypothesis. Thus, the decline in influenza activity in spring 2025 may have contributed to the observed increase in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 hospitalizations, driven by the NB.1.8.1 variant, a JN.1 derivative with enhanced transmissibility and reduced neutralization. Although this did not evolve into a pandemic\u2010scale wave, the resultant burden on healthcare services was clinically meaningful. Alternative explanations, including behavioral changes and Omicron\u2010induced herd immunity, are considered but less compelling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implication<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The global health implications are critical: lapsed COVID\u201019 preparedness, limited surveillance, and low vaccine uptake threaten effective responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recommandations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We advocate enhanced surveillance, adopting wastewater monitoring as demonstrated in the U.S., and integrated vaccination campaigns with combined influenza\u2010COVID\u201019 vaccines, currently in phase III trials, to boost immunity. Resource allocation, informed by the 2024\/2025 hospital overload, is essential to manage surges. This article underscores the need for global coordination to understand viral interference and prepare for shifting respiratory virus dynamics, offering actionable strategies to mitigate future epidemics, including those caused by other viruses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:41:45Z","timestamp":1763642505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Unprecedented Influenza Epidemic of 2024\/2025: Overshadowing the COVID\u201019 Winter Wave and Exploring Viral Interference"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2859-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Davido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maladies Infectieuses, H\u00f4pital Raymond\u2010Poincar\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, AP\u2010HP Garches Ile\u2010de\u2010France France"},{"name":"UMR1173 Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint\u2010Quentin Montigny\u2010Le\u2010Bretonneux Ile\u2010de\u2010France France"},{"name":"Mission Minist\u00e9rielle de la Pr\u00e9vention des infections et de l'antibior\u00e9sistance, Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la Sant\u00e9 Paris Ile\u2010de\u2010France France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"Weekly US Influenza Surveillance Report: Key Updates for Week 10 ending March 8.2025 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fluview\/surveillance\/2025-week-10.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Preliminary Estimates of COVID\u201019 Burden for 2024\u20132025 COVID\u201019 CDC https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/php\/surveillance\/burden-estimates.html 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01791-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Seasonal influenza \u2010 Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023\/2024 https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/seasonal-influenza-annual-epidemiological-report-20232024 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"The European Respiratory Virus Surveillance Summary (ERVISS) https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/european-respiratory-virus-surveillance-summary-erviss 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a069760"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911083116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0465-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf374"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6937a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00688-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.108006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00308-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7406a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"COVID\u201019 Wastewater Data \u2013 Current Levels. 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