{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:45:26Z","timestamp":1786977926489,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81673771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81673771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bufalin is one main component of the dried venom from\n                      <jats:italic>Bufo gargarizans Cantor<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which has anti\u2010tumor, cardiotonic, anti\u2010inflammatory and other physiological activities. However, in recent years, researchers have mainly paid attention to its anti\u2010tumor effect and neglected its anti\u2010inflammatory effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used lipopolysaccharide (TLR4 ligand) and poly inosinic acid (TLR3 ligand) to stimulate cultured macrophages to induce inflammatory condition. Transcriptome sequencing and molecular experiments were performed to investigate the underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bufalin could significantly reduce the production of pro\u2010inflammatory factors (IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20108, CXCL10, etc.), through inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKB\u03b1 and IRF3, and thus down\u2010regulating Toll\u2010like receptor pathway. Molecular docking predicted that one of the molecular targets of bufalin is MD\u20102 coupled with lipopolysaccharide\u2010activated TLR4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings not only support the pharmacological basis of using toad to treat inflammatory diseases in the Chinese medical history, but also provide a promising anti\u2010inflammatory drug candidate for future clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T05:41:34Z","timestamp":1770270094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bufalin Inhibits Cytokine Storm by Regulating TLR4\/TLR3 Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xixi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, The People's Hospital of Lianxi District Jiujiang City Jiujiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chencheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China"},{"name":"Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy Xi'an Jiaotong\u2010Liverpool University Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine First Clinical Medical College 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