{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T17:05:31Z","timestamp":1769792731883,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fasciolosis is a food\u2010borne parasitic zoonotic disease caused by widespread liver flukes that affect ruminants and humans, and is responsible for non\u2010resolving hepatic damage. Although fasciolosis occurs in both acute and chronic forms, chronic fasciolosis is more common.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study investigates the pathological changes and immunological cascade in the livers of\n                      <jats:italic>Fasciola gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected cattle, both at the transcriptional and translational levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Normal and suspected liver samples from cattle were collected and examined. Affected tissues were subjected to routine histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Transcription factors and interleukins (IL) were measured by sqRT\u2010PCR and ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In chronic fasciolosis, liver became atrophied, marked with whitish fibrotic patches, calcification and bile duct hyperplasia filled with blackish\u2010brown sandy contents. Histopathological examinations showed massive loss of hepatocytes, fibrous proliferation, and infiltration of mononuclear cells and eosinophils. In addition, a huge deposition of amyloid was noticed in severely affected livers. T\u2010bet (T\u2010box expressed in T cells protein) remained at the basal level, whereas expression of GATA\u20103 (GATA\u2010binding protein 3) was dramatically increased in severe fasciolosis. Also, there was a noticeable increase in the GATA\u20103 positive cells, while T\u2010bet positive cells were largely absent, displaying a drift towards Th2 type immune response. In severe infection, mRNAs of IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u20106, IL\u201010 and IL\u201013 highly expressed compared to the non\u2010infected control, but the interferon\u2010 (INF)\u2010\u03b3 expression remained unaltered. Similarly, we detected significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) elevation of IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u20106 and IL\u201013 in severely affected liver lysate. To further validate the notion, bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (bPBMCs) were treated with\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      culture milieu (FCM). FCM treatment elevated IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u20106 and IL\u201013 in a time dependent manner, confirming liver fluke\u2010induced Th2\u2010biased immune response.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study reveals distinct pathology and dysregulation of transcription factors and cytokines profiles in\n                      <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected cattle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T09:51:38Z","timestamp":1767865898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Liver Cirrhosis Caused by Food\u2010Borne Zoonotic\n                    <i>Fasciola gigantica<\/i>\n                    in Cattle in Bangladesh: Pathology and Immunological Orchestra"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Md. Haydar","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Parasitology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9444-1338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joydeep","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology Adamas University Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romana","family":"Parvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Shahadat","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharmin Shahid","family":"Labony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8130-8570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nusrat Nowrin","family":"Shohana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Mahmudul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Theriogenology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umme Razia","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5462-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita Rani","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8409-4571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Abu Hadi Noor Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Abdul","family":"Alim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7350-3093","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Anisuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1476"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-308x(09)69002-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1459-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1383-5769(00)00051-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/idr.s375671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12101255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2023.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182018000914"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6159388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2168-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-024-01672-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2023.100614"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0308"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1996520"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/idr.s421206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-020-02211-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gfs.12429"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x17000402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2019.68063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2000.00290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1270064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2005.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2005.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111235"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.17917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-47572007000400012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2020.110092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.68.5.2998-3001.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0382-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.8352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/3923"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04319-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/rrtm.s397138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02182"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2020.02.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","volume-title":"Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals","author":"Soulsby E. J. L.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33927-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623308329342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci74917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2019-0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2538-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0368-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00573-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000530288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.75876"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70320","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/iid3.70320","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T04:52:03Z","timestamp":1769748723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.70320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.70320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.70320","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70320"}}