{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:09:40Z","timestamp":1773011380259,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in infants and young children. Antibiotic overuse remains a significant concern in hospitalized children with RSV\u2010associated LRIs. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic use and identify predictors of prolonged hospitalization in children with RSV\u2010LRIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective record review study was conducted at Abha Maternity and Children's Hospital, enrolling 162 children aged 1\u201336 months admitted with RSV\u2010associated LRIs between January and December 2022. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected. Antibiotic therapy and hospital length of stay (LOS) were also retrieved and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 162 patients, 147 (90.74%) received antibiotic therapy, with azithromycin, cefuroxime, and ceftriaxone being the most commonly used. Patients who received antibiotics had a significantly longer median LOS compared to those who did not (6 vs. 3 days,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Factors associated with prolonged LOS (\u2265\u20095 days) included antibiotic therapy use (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20097.47 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.18\u221225.57), pneumonia: OR\u2009=\u20093.58 (95% CI: 1.67\u22127.67), age &lt;\u200912 months: OR\u2009=\u20092.80 (95% CI: 1.32\u22125.89), consolidation: OR\u2009=\u20092.54 (95% CI: 1.16\u22125.59), age in months: OR\u2009=\u20090.94 (95% CI: 0.91\u22120.98) (indicates decreasing odds with increasing age), admission respiratory rate: OR\u2009=\u20091.04 (95% CI: 1.01\u22121.07), and admission peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ): OR\u2009=\u20090.91 (95% CI: 0.86\u22120.97) (indicates decreasing odds with higher SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high prevalence of antibiotic use in this study highlights the challenges in differentiating RSV\u2010LRIs from bacterial pneumonia. Independent predictors of prolonged hospital stay included antibiotic therapy, pneumonia, younger age, lower admission SpO\u2082, and higher respiratory rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T04:11:25Z","timestamp":1771301485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibiotic Therapy and Factors Predicting Prolonged Hospitalization Among Children Under Three Years Diagnosed With Respiratory Syncytial Virus\u2010Associated Lower Respiratory Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9858-9789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Alsuheel","family":"Asseri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, College of Medicine King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac137"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.82.s1.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1413456"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-024-03340-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1529-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. 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K.Perez \u201cRespiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Bronchiolitis Practice Gaps \u201dhttp:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatricsinreview\/article\u2010pdf\/35\/12\/519\/837857\/pedsinreview_20140002.pdf.","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.35.12.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2012(09)03"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"162","article-title":"Evaluation of Viral Respiratory Pathogens in Children Aged Under Five Hospitalized With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections","volume":"9","author":"Akkoc G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Northern Clinics of Istanbul"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26256"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2025.30.14.2400637"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S385615"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3138-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.3085"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70370","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/iid3.70370","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:33:09Z","timestamp":1773005589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.70370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.70370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.70370","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70370"}}