{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:11:43Z","timestamp":1773029503173,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lappaconitine (LAP) is a diterpenoid alkaloid with strong anti\u2010inflammatory activity. However, there is limited information on its gastroprotective effects. The present study aimed to explore the analgesic and antidiarrheal effects of LAP through in vivo and in silico studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For this, LAP was administered orally to\n                      <jats:italic>Swiss<\/jats:italic>\n                      albino mice at doses of 1 and 4\u2009mg\/kg (bw). The analgesic effect was assessed using the acetic acid\u2010induced writhing test. Simultaneously, antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using the castor oil\u2010induced diarrheal secretion test in mice. In addition, an in silico molecular docking analysis was conducted to forecast the participation of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and the \u00b5\u2010opioid receptor.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      According to our in vivo findings, LAP and combination therapy (LAP\u2009+\u2009diclofenac sodium) significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) alleviated the number of writhing episodes in the experimental animals compared to the control group. Furthermore, in the castor oil\u2010induced diarrhea model, LAP and combination therapy (LAP\u2009+\u2009loperamide) significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) prolonged the onset time of diarrhea and reduced the number of diarrheal secretions. Besides, the molecular docking study suggested that LAP showed better binding affinity (\u22128.2 and \u22127.8\u2009kcal\/mol) with COX\u20101 and COX\u20102 enzymes, respectively. Likewise, LAP exhibited the highest binding score (\u20139.8\u2009kcal\/mol) with the \u00b5\u2010opioid receptor. Moreover, LAP demonstrated high gastrointestinal absorption with low toxicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therefore, LAP exerts potential analgesic and antidiarrheal effects, as well as synergistic properties with diclofenac sodium and loperamide through the cyclooxygenase and MOR interaction pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T06:47:45Z","timestamp":1771829265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analgesic and Antidiarrheal Properties of Lappaconitine, Possibly Through Cyclooxygenase and \u00b5\u2010Opioid Receptor Interaction Pathways: In Vivo and In Silico Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shahid","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Gopalganj Science and Technology University  Gopalganj Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arifa","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Gopalganj Science and Technology University  Gopalganj Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salehin","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Gopalganj Science and Technology University  Gopalganj Bangladesh"},{"name":"Bioinformatics and Drug Innovation Laboratory BioLuster Research Center Ltd.  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