{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T05:59:02Z","timestamp":1776146342002,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The abundance of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells, PMNs) in the oral cavity both in health and disease suggests that PMNs play a significant role in maintaining oral immune equilibrium. This cross\u2010sectional, in vitro study characterizes the surface epitopes, oxidative burst, and migratory properties of oral (oPMNs) and circulating (cPMNs) neutrophils in healthy volunteers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>cPMNs were isolated from whole blood samples using gravity sediment separation; oPMNs were obtained from filtrated saliva. Surface epitopes and oxidative burst were analyzed with flow cytometry. PMN surface morphology was visualized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with gold labeling. A \u00b5\u2010slide chemotaxis assay was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>oPMNs showed significantly higher LOX\u20101 expression than cPMNs (~1000 times). In contrast to oPMNs, cPMNs could be stimulated with PMA or TNF\u2010\u03b1, resulting in a significant LOX\u20101 increase. PMA induced a stronger increase of LOX\u20101 than TNF\u2010\u03b1. Only stimulation with TNF\u2010\u03b1 or PMA resulted in the upregulation of CD11b and CD66b and the downregulation of CD62L on cPMNs. SEM showed an abundance of CD66b and diverging surface morphologies between oPMNs and cPMNs. Unlike cPMNs, oPMNs did not show chemotactic migration along an fMLP\u2010gradient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study highlights the high expression of LOX\u20101 on oPMNs associated with a lack of further stimulability and absent in vitro chemotactic migration, indicating that these cells are in a higher state of activation than cPMNs. These findings provide new insights into the phenotypic and functional characteristics of oral neutrophils.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T09:50:17Z","timestamp":1773827417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differences in Lectin\u2010Like Oxidized Low\u2010Density Lipoprotein Receptor\u20101 Expression and Chemotaxis Between Neutrophils in the Oral Cavity and Those in Whole Blood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5280-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard F.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology University Medical Centre Regensburg  Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa 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