{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T05:59:06Z","timestamp":1776146346542,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001732","name":"Danmarks Grundforskningsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DNRF126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNRF126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knowledge of the human genetic contribution to the risk of complications from influenza is limited. This study assessed the association between human single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease progression in individuals with influenza.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A targeted analysis of 10 SNPs with prior evidence in COVID\u201019 and a genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) were used to assess associations between SNPs and disease progression in two multinational cohorts with suspected or laboratory\u2010confirmed influenza: a hospitalized cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091634) and a pooled cohort of hospitalized and outpatients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093469). Disease progression was defined as prolonged hospitalization (&gt;\u200928 days), progression to mechanical ventilation, admittance to intensive care unit, or death (for hospitalized individuals) or progression to hospitalization or death (for outpatients).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Disease progression was observed in 9.1% of hospitalized patients and 2.2% of outpatients. Age was a significant risk factor for disease progression, with 20% increased odds of disease progression per 10\u2010year increase in age (OR: 1.20, 95%CI: 1.08\u20131.33,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Disease progression rates also differed by continent (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Targeted SNP analyses did not identify significant associations with disease progression; however, the strength of associations was most pronounced in sensitivity analyses for the pooled cohort in individuals &lt;\u200965 years old. GWAS analyses did not identify significant common SNP associations in either the hospitalized or pooled cohorts, nor in sensitivity analysis of (1) individuals with laboratory\u2010confirmed influenza and (2) those aged &lt;\u200965 years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a geographically diverse cohort of individuals with influenza, the genetic links to disease progression only started to become evident in the sensitivity analyses, mainly when looking at younger individuals. The power to detect associations was limited by the rate of disease progression and heterogeneity in phenotypes of the individuals studied, and therefore, additional studies focused on the role of genetics in influenza disease progression are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:12:24Z","timestamp":1773292344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating the Impact of Host Genetics on the Risk of Disease Progression in Individuals With Influenza"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sara Bohnstedt","family":"M\u00f8rup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Health Immunity and Infections (CHIP) and INSIGHT Copenhagen ICC Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8248-8884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Milojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Health Immunity and Infections (CHIP) and INSIGHT Copenhagen ICC Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mahmood Taghavi","family":"Shahri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Health Immunity and Infections (CHIP) and INSIGHT Copenhagen ICC Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brad T.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and lmmunoinformatics Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick Maryland 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Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Skeans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Line","family":"Borgwardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Gerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Labs (ABML) Cinnaminson New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Losso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Agudos JM Ramos Mejia Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Baillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominic E.","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney Westmead New South Wales 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