{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:53:50Z","timestamp":1781880830505,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the characteristics of T lymphocyte subsets and mitochondrial function in hemodialysis patients and to explore the effect of hemodialysis on these parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with end\u2010stage renal disease (ESRD) from July 2023 to June 2024, who underwent mitochondrial function detection of T lymphocyte subsets, were included in this retrospective study. Patients were categorized into a hemodialysis group and a pre\u2010dialysis group based on whether they received hemodialysis. The hemodialysis group was further divided into those with dialysis duration \u2264\u200912 months and those with &gt;\u200912 months. Peripheral blood from ESRD patients was analyzed by flow cytometry to obtain data on T lymphocyte subsets, mitochondrial mass (MM), and low mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP\u2010Low). Differences in T lymphocyte subsets mitochondrial parameters among distinct groups were analyzed, and the association between hemodialysis and the aforementioned mitochondrial parameters was investigated using multiple linear regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 250 patients were enrolled (153 hemodialysis and 97 pre\u2010dialysis). Compared with the pre\u2010dialysis group, the hemodialysis group had significantly lower white blood cell count (5.62\u2009\u00b1\u20091.63 vs. 6.49\u2009\u00b1\u20091.93\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and neutrophil percentage (67.43\u2009\u00b1\u20098.10 vs. 70.73\u2009\u00b1\u20099.41%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), but a higher lymphocyte percentage (20.13\u2009\u00b1\u20096.39 vs. 17.73\u2009\u00b1\u20097.05%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007). CD45+ lymphocyte percentage was also significantly higher in the hemodialysis group(20.13\u2009\u00b1\u20097.15 vs. 17.74\u2009\u00b1\u20097.28,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011), whereas the MM of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+\u2009T lymphocytes (2.66\u2009\u00b1\u20091.03 vs. 3.18\u2009\u00b1\u20091.45,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; 2.96\u2009\u00b1\u20091.17 vs. 3.56\u2009\u00b1\u20091.53,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; 2.28\u2009\u00b1\u20091.22 vs. 2.81\u2009\u00b1\u20091.64,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007, respectively), and the MMP\u2010Low% of these T lymphocytes (21.86\u2009\u00b1\u200910.60 vs. 26.97\u2009\u00b1\u200911.76,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001; 15.53\u2009\u00b1\u20099.78 vs. 20.66\u2009\u00b1\u200910.42,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; 31.12\u2009\u00b1\u200913.25 vs. 35.28\u2009\u00b1\u200915.17,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024, respectively), were significantly reduced. Among hemodialysis patients, those with dialysis duration &gt;\u200912 months had significantly lower CD4+\u2009T lymphocytes (455.66\u2009\u00b1\u2009232.80 vs. 375.06\u2009\u00b1\u2009150.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029) and MMP\u2010Low% of CD3+\u2009(25.17\u2009\u00b1\u200914.08 vs. 20.25\u2009\u00b1\u20098.02,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025), CD4+\u2009(18.30\u2009\u00b1\u200913.47 vs. 14.18\u2009\u00b1\u20097.06,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046), and CD8+\u2009(35.22\u2009\u00b1\u200916.09 vs. 29.13\u2009\u00b1\u200911.19,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019) T lymphocytes than those with \u2264\u200912 months. Linear regression analysis, after adjusting for multiple covariates, confirmed a significant association between hemodialysis and reduced mitochondrial parameters: decreased MM of CD3+ (0.699), CD4+ (0.735) and CD8+ (0.846) T lymphocytes, and reduced MMP\u2010Low% of CD3+ (4.374%) and CD4+ (4.630%) T lymphocytes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T lymphocyte MM and MMP\u2010Low% differ significantly between hemodialysis and pre\u2010dialysis ESRD patients, and hemodialysis patients exhibit more pronounced T lymphocyte mitochondrial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  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