{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T05:59:12Z","timestamp":1776146352710,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000924","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19\u20100640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\u20100640"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0000648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0000648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV) is an important environmental risk factor in the development of several autoimmune conditions, with the mechanisms still to be fully elucidated. EBV primarily infects memory B cells, transitioning between lytic (active) and latent (dormant) phases of infection. Our group has previously proposed two molecular mechanisms linking EBV pathogenesis to autoimmunity: one indicates that EBV lytic switching contributes to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, while another posits that latency III is more crucial in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we tested the proposed molecular model using a cohort of EBV\u2010transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from individuals with either SLE, MS or healthy controls. Measuring the expression levels of a panel of EBV genes, representing the different phases of the EBV lifecycle, we found compelling proof\u2010of\u2010concept evidence validating our proposed model. This discovery highlights promising signatures for further investigation, where the same approach can be explored across other EBV\u2010associated immune conditions, deepening our understanding of the virus's lifecycle dysregulation in autoimmunity etiology and ultimately aiding in the design of new treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:55:12Z","timestamp":1774331712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Epstein\u2010Barr Virus Transformed B Cells From Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Multiple Sclerosis Patients Differ in EBV Lytic and Latency Marker Expression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Afrasiabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EBV Molecular Lab, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine &amp; Health UNSW Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wade J.","family":"Bocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EBV Molecular Lab, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Schibeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EBV Molecular Lab, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha P. 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Medical Research (ICPMR) Westmead New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2898-0253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant P.","family":"Parnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EBV Molecular Lab, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5581\/1516-8484.20110103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00127"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"EBV and Autoimmunity","volume":"390","author":"Ascherio A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Epstein\u2010Barr Virus as a Leading Cause of Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Implications","volume":"19","author":"Bjornevik K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2024.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0640-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.7.4415-4424.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.23.13028-13036.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1307589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00770-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6599"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2021.100117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70913-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0353-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04561-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01699-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16992"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70411","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/iid3.70411","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70411","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T05:16:59Z","timestamp":1776143819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.70411"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.70411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.70411","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70411"}}