{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:44:28Z","timestamp":1777632268784,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00cdfico e Tecnol\u00d3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["405308\/2021\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405308\/2021\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00cdfico e Tecnol\u00d3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311365\/2021\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311365\/2021\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00cdfico e Tecnol\u00d3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["153384\/2024\u20107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["153384\/2024\u20107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00c7\u00c3o de Aperfei\u00c7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00cdvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite widespread vaccination, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 transmission continues, and serological testing remains relevant for selected diagnostic scenarios and population\u2010based assessments of antibody responses. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies are attractive for field use and decentralized settings, but their diagnostic performance varies and requires independent evaluation. We assessed the performance of three commercially available lateral flow RDTs (PANBIO\u2122 COVID\u201019 IgG\/IgM Rapid Test Device, Bio\u2010Manguinhos\u2010Fiocruz TR COVID\u201019 (IgM\u2010IgG), and Bio\u2010Manguinhos\u2010Fiocruz TR DPP\u00ae COVID\u201019 IgM\/IgG) in Salvador, Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using blind analyses, we evaluated 257 serum samples from RT\u2010PCR\u2010confirmed cases and 199 control samples from individuals with other febrile illnesses or healthy donors collected before and during the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall sensitivity for IgM or IgG detection was limited across all tests (52%\u201358%), while specificity was high for two assays (97%\u201398%) and lower for one (80%). Sensitivity peaked between 11 and 20 days after symptom onset (80%\u201391%) and declined thereafter. Among 75 vaccinated individuals without prior COVID\u201019, antibody positivity ranged from 39% to 55%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that the evaluated RDTs had high specificity but insufficient sensitivity for reliable clinical diagnosis or for assessing vaccination status in serological surveys. Our results support cautious use of these assays and highlight the need for more accurate and robust antibody\u2010based rapid tests to strengthen immunological surveillance and public health preparedness in the post\u2010pandemic period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1777270716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance of Three Commercial Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Detection of IgM and IgG Antibodies Against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Moyra Machado","family":"Portilho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5482-6789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane Fraga","family":"de Oliveira Tosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maysa","family":"Pellizzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e2ngela Oliveira","family":"dos Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine Carvalho","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela dos Santos Nascimento","family":"de Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Sousa","family":"dos Santos Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leile Camila","family":"Jacob\u2010Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirela Maisa","family":"da Silva Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria Municipal de Sa\u00fade de Salvador Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah Bittencourt","family":"Moth\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"},{"name":"Escola de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Brodskyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitermayer Galv\u00e3o","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil"},{"name":"Yale School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiane Wanderley","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria Municipal de Sa\u00fade de Salvador Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Sousa","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Salvador Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"WHO. 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