{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:44:39Z","timestamp":1777632279123,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the innate immune system, exhibiting diverse mechanisms of action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates the roles of cathelicidin (LL\u201037), alpha\u2010defensins, and the S100 proteins S100A8 and S100A9 in systemic inflammation associated with sepsis, severe COVID\u201019, and acute pancreatitis using whole\u2010blood bulk RNA\u2010sequencing data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gene co\u2010expression network analysis revealed that during septic shock and severe COVID\u201019, cathelicidin and alpha\u2010defensins act synergistically in innate immune responses, while S100A8 and S100A9 function through distinct pathways related to mitochondrial metabolism and ubiquitin ligase binding. In contrast, the acute pancreatitis network displayed a different pattern, with\n                      <jats:italic>CAMP<\/jats:italic>\n                      co\u2010expressed alongside\n                      <jats:italic>S100A8<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>S100A9<\/jats:italic>\n                      , whereas alpha\u2010defensins were downregulated and associated with inhibited mucosal immune responses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that antimicrobial peptides contribute variably to systemic inflammation depending on the underlying insult, underscoring their complex, context\u2010dependent roles in critical illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  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