{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:07:40Z","timestamp":1780056460250,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008091","name":"Golestan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112940\u2010113372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112940\u2010113372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy. The WNT signaling pathway acts in adult intestinal epithelium maintenance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the level of two WNT antagonists, including dikkopf\u20101 (Dkk\u20101) and sclerostin, in CD patients compared to controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 43 cases and 45 controls were enrolled in this case\u2010control study. The serum levels of Dkk\u20101, sclerostin, citrulline, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured using the ELISA method. Moreover, the levels of vitamin D3 were measured using the HPLC method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings illustrated an elevation of both WNT antagonists (Dkk\u20101,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 and sclerostin,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) in CD patients compared to controls. Moreover, the levels of PTH (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and Ca (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009) were higher in CD patients. The level of citrullin was directly correlated with sclerostin (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.71), PTH (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.53), and Dkk\u20101 (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.29). ROC curve analysis indicated that serum levels of Dkk\u20101 (AUC\u2009=\u20090.83), sclerostin (AUC\u2009=\u20090.7) and, PTH (AUC\u2009=\u20090.91) can differentiate CD from control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Celiac patients have increased levels of the Dkk\u20101 and sclerostin, together with PTH as bone modulators, correlated with citrulline level, known as a potential marker for enterocyte mass. These results collectively indicate the significance of Dkk\u20101 and sclerostin in the development of celiac disease; however, further research is needed to explore their possible diagnostic and therapeutic uses in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:47:52Z","timestamp":1778734072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased Serum Levels of Dickkopf\u20101 and Sclerostin as WNT Signaling Pathway Inhibitors in Celiac Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Nibras Thabit","family":"Al\u2010Ani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad Kadhim Taher","family":"Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Dastorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanie","family":"Mirkarimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jorjani Clinical Sciences Research Institute Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sima","family":"Besharat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jorjani Clinical Sciences Research 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