{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:59:43Z","timestamp":1791291583599,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2017LH039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2017LH039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sj\u00f6gren's disease (SD) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that can affect multiple organ systems. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a clinically significant pulmonary manifestation of SD and is associated with impaired quality of life and increased mortality. Interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3), a major effector cytokine of Th1 immunity, has been implicated in immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation; however, its contribution to SD\u2010associated ILD (SD\u2010ILD) and its relationship with fibrotic remodeling remain incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pathway\u2010oriented narrative review synthesized evidence identified through a structured and iterative search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, updated through August 2026. Priority was given to direct evidence from SD\u2010ILD. When disease\u2010specific evidence was limited, mechanistic findings from SD without characterized ILD, related connective tissue disease\u2010associated ILDs, fibrotic lung diseases, and experimental models were considered and interpreted as indirect or extrapolated evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Available evidence supports a conceptual network in which IFN\u2010\u03b3 may function as a potential signaling node interacting with JAK\/STAT, PI3K\/AKT, NF\u2010\u03baB, MAPK, WNT\/\u03b2\u2010catenin, and IDO\u2013kynurenine\u2013AhR pathways. These pathways may contribute at different levels to immune\u2010cell activation, inflammatory amplification, immunometabolic regulation, epithelial injury, fibroblast activation, and fibrotic remodeling. Evidence is strongest for the biological relevance of IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2013JAK\/STAT signaling, whereas support for PI3K\/AKT, NF\u2010\u03baB, and MAPK is more indirect, and the relevance of WNT\/\u03b2\u2010catenin and particularly IDO\u2013Kyn\u2013AhR to SD\u2010ILD remains less well established.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010associated network should be regarded as a conceptual mechanistic framework rather than a fully validated signaling hierarchy in SD\u2010ILD. Distinguishing direct disease\u2010specific evidence from mechanistic extrapolation highlights important knowledge gaps and provides a rationale for future investigation of pathway\u2010informed biomarkers and stage\u2010specific therapeutic strategies. Prospective SD\u2010ILD studies integrating longitudinal clinical data with spatial and single\u2010cell approaches are needed to validate these relationships and clarify their translational relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:37:58Z","timestamp":1791290278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010Associated Signaling Networks in Interstitial Lung Disease Associated With Sj\u00f6gren's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2859-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianqian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Shandong Province Rheumatic Disease Key Speciality Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology Weifang China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Center Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3494-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Shandong Province Rheumatic Disease Key Speciality Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology Weifang China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Center Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4203-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Shandong Province Rheumatic Disease Key Speciality Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology Weifang China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Center Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9093-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhua","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Shandong Province Rheumatic Disease Key Speciality Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology Weifang China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Center Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4838-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Shandong Province Rheumatic Disease Key Speciality Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology Weifang China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Center Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7868-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunxiao","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Shandong Province Rheumatic Disease Key Speciality Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology Weifang China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Center Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University Weifang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.702755","article-title":"Differentially Expressed Gene Pathways in the Conjunctiva of Sj\u00f6gren Syndrome Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca","volume":"12","author":"Paiva C. 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