{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:48:00Z","timestamp":1792673280559,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a widespread condition that significantly affects the quality of life (QOL) of those affected globally. It contributes to sleep disturbances, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, and can worsen symptoms in individuals with coexisting asthma. This study examines the impact of AR on QOL in adults, with specific attention to sex differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional online survey using a purpose\u2010designed, non\u2010validated questionnaire was distributed via social media using convenience sampling to 1572 Jordanian adults. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, AR symptoms, triggers, and the impact of AR on mental health, social functioning, and daily life. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi\u2010square tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders, and Benjamini\u2013Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to account for multiplicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1572 respondents participated; 683 (43.4%) had physician\u2010diagnosed AR. AR was reported by 157\/419 males (37.5%) and 526\/1153 females (45.6%); this sex difference was statistically significant (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20098.31,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004; OR\u2009=\u20091.40, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.76). Most patients lived in urban areas (69.4%). While sneezing and rhinorrhoea were common across sexes, females reported significantly higher rates of nasal itching\/congestion (55.5% vs. 43.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011), headaches (61.0% vs. 43.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and increased stress\/anxiety (53.4% vs. 42.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018, not surviving false discovery rate (FDR) correction). In contrast, snoring was more prevalent in males (40.1% vs. 24.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Regarding QOL, AR severely disrupted sleep (80.7%) and concentration (66.2%) for both sexes. However, females were significantly more likely to report irritability\/emotional distress (65.4% vs. 55.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023), prefer social isolation during symptoms (59.3% vs. 47.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010), and experience limitations in activities outside the home (55.1% vs. 45.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041). After adjustment, female sex remained significantly associated with irritability\/emotional distress (aOR\u2009=\u20091.50, 95% CI 1.02\u20132.22,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039) and preference for social isolation (aOR\u2009=\u20091.53, 95% CI 1.05\u20132.23,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028). After Benjamini\u2013Hochberg FDR correction, nasal itching\/congestion, snoring, and headache remained statistically significant in symptom analyses; no QOL items survived FDR correction, and these findings should be considered exploratory. Asthma was reported by 80\/683 (11.7%) of AR patients, more frequently among males than females (19.7% vs. 9.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Sensitivity analyses showed that the association between female sex and social isolation was robust to adjustment for or exclusion of asthma, whereas the association with irritability was attenuated after excluding participants with asthma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest AR's substantial impact on daily functioning and mental well\u2010being, with signals of greater psychosocial burden among women. Improved understanding of sex\u2010specific challenges can support more effective prevention, diagnosis, and management strategies, with tailored strategies to address the distinct symptom burden and QOL impairments experienced by female patients. These findings may provide preliminary insights into the burden of AR in Jordan and should be confirmed in representative, validated surveys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:26:03Z","timestamp":1792671963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex\u2010Specific Differences in Symptomatology and Quality of Life Impact of Allergic Rhinitis: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1631-2477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Ibrahim","family":"Al\u2010Balas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6282-8351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almu'atasim","family":"Khamees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan"},{"name":"Ministry of Health Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0221-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shatha Khaled","family":"Al Saoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7963-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajeda Ahmad","family":"Aldakhiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2663-4455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wasan Abdallah","family":"Bani Issma'eel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8169-6514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farah Nayef","family":"Alzu'bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9464-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nour Ahmad","family":"Mistareehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6071-0401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majd Mohammed","family":"Qashou'","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5867-7093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sireen Kamal","family":"Ayasrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"S.AkhouriandS. A.House: Allergic Rhinitis. In:StatPearls. edn. Treasure Island (FL) Ineligible Companies. 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I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","unstructured":"D.TeoliandA.Bhardwaj: Quality of Life. In:StatPearls. edn. Treasure Island (FL) Ineligible Companies. Disclosure: Abhishek Bhardwaj Declares No Relevant Financial Relationships With Ineligible Companies.;2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1159\/000464324","article-title":"Sex\u2010Related Allergic Rhinitis Prevalence Switch From Childhood to Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"172","author":"Pinart M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Quality of Life and Work Productivity Impairment of Patients With Allergic Occupational Rhinitis","volume":"18","author":"Maoua M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"950","article-title":"Biological Sex Differences in Rhinitis Prevalence Among Adults in the United States: An \u2018All of Us\u2019 Research Program Database Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Lee V. S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.04.021","article-title":"Females Have Stronger Neurogenic Response Than Males After Non\u2010Specific Nasal Challenge in Patients With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"116","author":"Tomljenovic D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"Quality of Life in the Iranian Adults With Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"11","author":"Shariat M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3950\/jibiinkoka.108.715","article-title":"Analysis of Risk Factors for Deficits in the Quality of Life in Allergic Rhinitis Patients","volume":"108","author":"Ogino T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. [Journal of the Oto\u2010Rhino\u2010Laryngological Society of Japan]"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01263.x","article-title":"Allergic Diseases and Respiratory Symptoms in Urban and Rural Children in Grodno Region (Belarus)","volume":"23","author":"Shpakou A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","article-title":"Prevalence and Socioeconomic Impact of Allergic Rhinitis Among Ear, Nose, and Throat Patients of a Tertiary Hospital","volume":"15","author":"Appiah\u2010Thompson P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21540","article-title":"Evaluating the Impact of Allergic Rhinitis on Quality of Life Among Thai Students","volume":"5","author":"Sapsaprang S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2021.40.193.28714","article-title":"Quality of Life of Patients With Allergic Rhinitis at a South African Referral Hospital: A Prospective Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"40","author":"Ramdhani D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pan African Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.5798\/dicletip.1906475","article-title":"Relationship Between Allergen Sensitivity, Laboratory Values, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Asthma and\/or Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"53","author":"Alkaya H.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dicle T\u0131p Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-7022-3-33","article-title":"Burden of Illness and Quality of Life in Patients Being Treated for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: A Cohort Survey","volume":"3","author":"Small M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Allergy"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"3107","article-title":"Impact of Allergic Rhinitis Control on Work Productivity and Costs: A Real\u2010World Data MASK\u2010Air Study","volume":"12","author":"Vieira R. J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3799","article-title":"Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Work Productivity in Primary Care Practice and a Comparison With Other Common Diseases: The Cross\u2010Sectional Study to Evaluate Work Productivity in Allergic Rhinitis Compared With Other Common Diseases (CAPRI) Study","volume":"26","author":"Caballer B. H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","article-title":"The Prevalence and Impact of Allergic Rhinitis on Academic Performance and Quality of Life Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Almalki Z. 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J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132010000100017","article-title":"Rinite al\u00e9rgica: indicadores de qualidade de vida","volume":"36","author":"Camelo\u2010Nunes I. C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-012-0330-z","article-title":"Impact of Sleep as a Specific Marker of Quality of Life in Allergic Rhinitis","volume":"13","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010N\u00fa\u00f1ez V.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61111959","article-title":"A Study on Parental Corticophobia in Pediatric Allergic Diseases","volume":"61","author":"Alkaya H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-026-07373-6","article-title":"Device\u2010Derived Skin Moisture, Oil and Softness Scores in Infants and Young Children With Atopic Dermatitis: A Prospective Case\u2010Control Study","author":"Alkaya H.","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70565","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/iid3.70565","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.70565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:26:09Z","timestamp":1792671969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.70565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.70565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.70565","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-4527","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-4527","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70565"}}