{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T23:05:43Z","timestamp":1787871943672,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["97\u201018814"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["97\u201018814"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequencies and functions of T stem cell memory (TSCM) subsets vary in autoimmune diseases. We evaluated the frequencies of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> TSCM subsets as well as their PD\u20101 expression levels in patients with T1D.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood samples were collected from new case (NC) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), and long\u2010term (LT) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) groups and healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915). Five subsets of T cells including TCM(CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CCR7<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD95<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), TCM<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CCR7<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD45RO<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> CD95<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), TEM(CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CCR7<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD95<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), TSCM(CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CCR7<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD45RO<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> CD95<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), and T naive (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CCR7<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD45RO<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> CD95<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) were detected by flow\u2010cytometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> TSCM was higher in NC patients than LT patients and controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0086, respectively). A higher percentage of the CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T naive cells was shown in NC patients as compared with LT and healthy individuals (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0003 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0002, respectively). An increased level of PD\u20101 expression was observed on the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>TCM and TCM<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> cells in LT patients as compared with healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0037 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0145, respectively). Also, the higher PD\u20101 expression was observed on the CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> TCM and TCM<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup> in NC and LT patients as compared with controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0068 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0012 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0012, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Considering TSCMs' capacities to generate all memory and effector T cells, our results may suggest a potential association between the increased frequencies of TSCMs and T1D progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T09:10:47Z","timestamp":1663924247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ circulating T stem 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