{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:26:22Z","timestamp":1780410382067,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young adults with vertical transmission (VT) of human immunodeficiency virus\u00a0(HIV) represent a fragile population. This study evaluates factors associated with viro\u2010immunological outcome of these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a multicenter study including HIV\u2010infected subjects with VT\u2009\u2265\u200918 years old from six Italian clinics. Subjects were observed from birth to death, lost to follow\u2010up, or last visit until December 31, 2019. Condition of \u201coptimal viro\u2010immunological status\u201d (OS) was defined as the simultaneous presence of HIV\u00a0ribonucleic acid\u00a0(RNA)\u2009&lt;\u200950\u2009copies\/mL, CD4+\u2009&gt;\u2009500\u2009cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, and CD4+\/CD8+ ratio\u2009\u2265\u20091.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 126 subjects were enrolled. At 18 years of age, 52\/126 (44.4%) had HIV\u2010RNA\u2009&gt;\u200950\u2009copies\/mL, 47\/126 (38.2%) had CD4+\u2009&lt;\u2009500\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, and 78\/126 (67.2%) had\u00a0CD4+\/CD8+\u2009&lt;\u20091; 28 subjects (23.7%) presented in the condition of OS. Having a CD4+\/CD8+ ratio\u2009\u2265\u20091 at 18 years of age was related with an increased probability of shift from suboptimal viro\u2010immunological status (SOS) to OS (HR: 7.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.23\u201314.04), and a reduced risk of shift from the OS to the SOS (HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.26\u20130.92). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis significantly reduced the probability of shift from a viro\u2010immunological SOS to OS (HR: 0.09, 95% CI:\u00a00.03\u20130.30). Subjects who had not achieved an OS at 18 years of age had an increased risk of discontinuation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only a small proportion of subjects with VT of HIV reached the adult age with \u201cOS\u201d.\u00a0Transition to the adult care with a compromised viro\u2010immunological condition represents a negative driver for future optimal infection control, with a higher risk of discontinuation of cART and a reduced probability to improve the immunological status later in the years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T13:39:44Z","timestamp":1675949984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reduced probability of improving viro\u2010immunological state in subjects with vertical transmission of HIV reaching adult age: A multicenter retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Pennati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Calza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of Brescia Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1436-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Biagio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Genova and \u201cSan Martino\u201d Hospital Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mussini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Modena Polyclinic Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0375-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Rusconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases University of Milano and ASST Fatebenefratelli \u201cL. Sacco\u201d Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Bonora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases University of Torino and \u201cAmedeo di Savoia\u201d Hospital Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7910-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Borghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia\u00a0","family":"Quiros\u2010Roldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Sarteschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Genova and \u201cSan Martino\u201d Hospital Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Modena Polyclinic Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micol","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases University of Torino and \u201cAmedeo di Savoia\u201d Hospital Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Celotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Hospital Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5941-883X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Ciccullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety and Bioethics, Section of Infectious Diseases Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vania","family":"Giacomet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Pediatrics University of Milano and ASST Fatebenefratelli \u201cL. 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