{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:54:41Z","timestamp":1753869281221,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection control during COVID\u201019 outbreaks in nursing facilities is a critical public health issue. Antibody responses before and after the fourth (second booster) dose of wild\u2010type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) vaccine in nursing home residents have not been fully characterized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 112 individuals: 54 nursing home residents (mean age: 84.4 years; 35 SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010naive and 19 previously infected) and 58 healthcare workers (mean age: 47.7 years; 25 SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010naive and 33 previously infected). Antispike and antinucleocapsid antibody responses to messenger RNA vaccination were evaluated using serum samples collected shortly and 5 months after the third dose, and shortly after the fourth dose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median immunoglobulin G (IgG) level in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010naive residents was similar to that in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010naive healthcare workers after the fourth dose (24,026.3 vs. 30,328.6\u2009AU\/mL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.79), whereas after the third dose the IgG level of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010naive residents was approximately twofold lower than that in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010naive healthcare workers. In residents with previous SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, timing of infection in relation to vaccination affected the kinetics of antibody responses. Residents infected after the third dose showed the highest IgG levels after the fourth dose among all groups (median: 64,328.8\u2009AU\/mL), in contrast to residents infected before initiating vaccination with antibody levels similar to those of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010naive residents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Advanced aged nursing home residents, poor responders in the initial SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccine series, could achieve sufficient antibody responses after the fourth (second booster) vaccination, comparable to those of younger adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T12:04:01Z","timestamp":1693224241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Achievement of sufficient antibody response after a fourth dose of wild\u2010type SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 mRNA vaccine in nursing home residents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8804-3181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Chong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine) Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeyuki","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine) Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease Kyushu University Hospital Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Tani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine) Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Yonekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine) Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Ikematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Influenza Research Japan Physicians Association Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Shimono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Center for the Study of Global Infection Center for the Study of Global Infection, Kyushu University Hospital Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Medical Corporation SOUSEIKAI, Kanenokuma Hospital Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Akashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine) Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2113468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7107e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2202542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.24657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05972-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn7591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111729"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abq3511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7142a3"}],"container-title":["Immunity, Inflammation and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/iid3.962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T11:21:24Z","timestamp":1698664884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/iid3.962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/iid3.962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iid3.962","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-4527","2050-4527"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2050-4527"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2050-4527"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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