{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:43:04Z","timestamp":1784202184361,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunity Inflam &amp;amp; Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accessibility to the immense collection of studies on noncommunicable diseases related to coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID\u201019) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) is an immediate focus of researchers. However, there is a scarcity of information about chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), which is associated with a high rate of infection in COVID\u201019 patients. Moreover, by combining the effects of the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 on COPD patients, we may be able to overcome formidable obstacles factors, and diagnosis influencers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study of 280 patients was conducted at DHQ Hospital Muzaffargarh in Punjab, Pakistan. Negative binomial regression describes the risk of fixed successive variables. The association is described by the Cox proportional hazard model and the model coefficient is determined through log\u2010likelihood observation. Patients with COPD had their survival and mortality plotted on Kaplan\u2013Meier curves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increased risk of death in COPD patients was due to the effects of variables such as cough, lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), tuberculosis (TB), and body\u2010aches being 1.369, 0.693, 0.170, and 0.217 times higher at (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.747\u20131.992), (95% CI: 0.231\u20131.156), (95% CI: 0.008\u20130.332), and (95% CI: \u22120.07 to 0.440) while it decreased 0.396 in normal condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that the symptoms of COPD (cough, LRTI, TB, and bodyaches) are statistically significant in patients who were most infected by SARS\u2010CoV\u20102.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T12:01:36Z","timestamp":1693224096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Risk factors identification of COVID\u201019 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A retrospective study in Punjab\u2010Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1989-2622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Muneeb","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2157-3997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. H.","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3677-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ameeq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6192-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farrukh","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3774-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John T.","family":"Mendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, School of Arts and Science University of The Gambia Serrekunda Gambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Chesneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, LMNO University of Caen\u2010Normandie  Caen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00383-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202200158"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.44.2001996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00025-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020252"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83226-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Retrieved from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(COPD)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","unstructured":"Retrieved from:https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/region\/emro\/country\/pk"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Exploring the treatment types and challenges in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a qualitative study","volume":"20","author":"Baba MAK","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Fam Med J\/Middle East J Fam Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"Census\u20102017 District table Punjab Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 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