{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:15:17Z","timestamp":1791155717977,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,28]],"date-time":"2001-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1006905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of melanoma increases markedly in the second decade of life but almost nothing is known of the causes of melanoma in this age group. We report on the first population\u2010based case\u2010control study of risk factors for melanoma in adolescents (15\u201319 years). Data were collected through personal interviews with cases, controls and parents. A single examiner conducted full\u2010body nevus counts and blood samples were collected from cases for analysis of the <jats:italic>CDKN2A<\/jats:italic> melanoma predisposition gene. A total of 201 (80%) of the 250 adolescents with melanoma diagnosed between 1987 and 1994 and registered with the Queensland Cancer Registry and 205 (79%) of 258 age\u2010, gender\u2010 and location\u2010matched controls who were contacted agreed to participate. The strongest risk factor associated with melanoma in adolescents in a multivariate model was the presence of more than 100 nevi 2 mm or more in diameter (odds ratio [OR] = 46.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.4\u2013190.8). Other risk factors were red hair (OR = 5.4, 95%CI = 1.0\u201328.4); blue eyes (OR = 4.5, 95%CI = 1.5\u201013.6); inability to tan after prolonged sun exposure (OR = 4.7, 95%CI = 0.9\u201324.6); heavy facial freckling (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 0.9\u201312.3); and family history of melanoma (OR = 4.0, 95%CI = 0.8\u201318.9). Only 2 of 147 cases tested had germline variants or mutations in <jats:italic>CDKN2A<\/jats:italic>. There was no association with sunscreen use overall, however, never\/rare use of sunscreen at home under the age of 5 years was associated with increased risk (OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 0.7\u20137.1). There was no difference between cases and controls in cumulative sun exposure in this high\u2010exposure environment. Factors indicating genetic susceptibility to melanoma, in particular, the propensity to develop nevi and freckles, red hair, blue eyes, inability to tan and a family history of the disease are the primary determinants of melanoma among adolescents in this high solar radiation environment. Lack of association with reported sun exposure is consistent with the high genetic susceptibility in this group. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T04:51:41Z","timestamp":1030251101000},"page":"92-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Melanoma in adolescents: A case\u2010control study of risk factors in Queensland, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Philippa","family":"Youl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Aitken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Lassam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ad\u00e8le","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/84.18.1427"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7116.1117"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.12.1451"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890390033005","article-title":"Differences in malignant melanoma between children and adolescents. A 35\u2010year epidemiological study","volume":"133","author":"Berg P","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890390103014","article-title":"Malignant melanoma in children","volume":"133","author":"Ruiz\u2010Maldonado R","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","series-title":"Cancer Series","volume-title":"Cancer in Australia, 1989\u201390","author":"Jelfs P","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810115)47:2<392::AID-CNCR2820470229>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","first-page":"142","article-title":"Malignant melanoma in childhood and adolescence","volume":"5","author":"Melnik M","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","first-page":"249","article-title":"Juvenile malignant melanoma","volume":"168","author":"Reintgen D","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb04951.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970106)70:1<26::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0994-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.5.446"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117203"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199604000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/5082"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","volume-title":"Erythemal ultraviolet radiation over Australia","author":"Paltridge G","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","volume-title":"Computer Software","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/303001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910350303"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6535.1555"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(87)70230-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900715)66:2<387::AID-CNCR2820660232>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.302"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"Pigmentary traits, ethnic origin, benign naevi and family history as risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma","volume":"72","author":"Holman C","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910420210"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19960904)67:5<636::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910620403"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","volume-title":"IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: ultraviolet radiation","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117359","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma in women. I. Exposure to sunlight, ability to tan and other risk factors related to ultraviolet light","volume":"141","author":"Holly E","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910420303"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb08238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910610602"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199502000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1563"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fijc.10117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.10117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T10:02:14Z","timestamp":1697536934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.10117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,28]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.10117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.10117","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,28]]}}}