{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:35:40Z","timestamp":1789878940976,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,27]],"date-time":"2002-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption on the risk of gastric cancer has not been clarified. We investigated this relationship, considering the anatomic subsite and histologic type of gastric cancer. A total of 19,657 men (aged 40\u201359 years at baseline), who responded to the baseline questionnaire and reported no serious illness at that time, were followed for 10 years, from January 1990 to December 1999. Gastric cancer was confirmed histologically in 293 men. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of the differentiated type of distal gastric cancer; compared to the group who never smoked, the adjusted rate ratios (RRs) of gastric cancer for past and current smokers were 2.0 (95% CI 1.1\u20133.7) and 2.1 (95% CI 1.2\u20133.6), respectively. No association was observed between cigarette smoking and risk of the undifferentiated type of distal gastric cancer except for a suggestive association with cardia cancer. For alcohol consumption, elevated risk was suggested only for cardia cancer of all histologic types, though the relationship failed to reach significance. Among those who drank alcohol at least once per week, RRs for ethanol intake of 2.7\u2013161.0, 162.0\u2013322.0 and 322.5+ g\/week compared to those who drank 0\u20133 times\/month were 2.5 (95% CI 0.7\u20139.5), 3.3 (0.9\u201311.6) and 3.0 (0.8\u201311.1), respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub> = 0.66). In conclusion, our results confirm that smoking is related to gastric cancer of the differentiated type. Further studies with more cases are needed to detect a positive association between cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption and cardia cancer. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,8]],"date-time":"2002-10-08T22:28:47Z","timestamp":1034116127000},"page":"560-566","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and subsequent gastric cancer risk by subsite and histologic type"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Shizuka","family":"Sasazuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Tsugane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Japanese Public Health Center Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970807)72:4<565::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000171463"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460100089030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197203)29:3<724::AID-CNCR2820290328>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.2.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.1965.64.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036288"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528708991927"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1992.tb04021.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.487"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"189","article-title":"Intestinal type: diffuse type ratio of gastric carcinoma in a Mexican population","volume":"16","author":"Mohar A","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2000.1205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.2.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9298207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589709514502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(00)00215-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","volume-title":"International classification of diseases for oncology","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","volume-title":"The general rules for the gastric cancer study","author":"Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","volume-title":"Changes and enhancement: release 6.11","author":"SAS Institute","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990331)81:1<39::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","first-page":"6559","article-title":"A comparative case\u2010control analysis of stomach cancer and atrophic gastritis","volume":"50","author":"Kato I","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.4.606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19991008)83:2<223::AID-IJC13>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"2569","article-title":"Life\u2010style, workplace, and stomach cancer by subsite in young men of Los Angeles County","volume":"50","author":"Wu\u2010Williams AH","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00053153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01804984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.17.1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008829321668"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008907924938"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000201)85:3<340::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20001215)89:12<2555::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1992.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960615)77:12<2449::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01359557"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","first-page":"335","article-title":"Human exposure to endogenous N\u2010nitroso compounds: quantitative estimates in subjects at high risk for cancer of the oral cavity, oesophagus, stomach and urinary bladder","volume":"8","author":"Bartsch H","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer Surv"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/84.16.1261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","first-page":"3554","article-title":"A human model of gastric carcinogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Correa P","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6767.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903183401101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910801)68:3<672::AID-CNCR2820680339>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910570106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1995.tb03001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1992.tb02004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1992.tb02736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/24.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00054162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.6.1146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1999.tb00791.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.19.1607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910560407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01830731"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","first-page":"420","article-title":"Cancer of the gastric cardia and the habit of smoking","volume":"39","author":"Unakami M","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910430502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Histological classification of gastric adenocarcinoma for epidemiological research: concordance between pathologists","volume":"10","author":"Shibata A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","volume-title":"Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma","author":"Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70422-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.3.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1994.tb02382.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fijc.10649","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ijc.10649","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T02:53:56Z","timestamp":1696906436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ijc.10649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,17]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ijc.10649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.10649","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7136","1097-0215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7136","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,17]]}}}