{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:50:45Z","timestamp":1787064645370,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,17]],"date-time":"2002-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1032220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several epidemiologic studies have reported a protective effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on ovarian cancer. However, there remain open issues, including better quantification of time\u2010related factors such as time since last use, age at first use and time since first use. We performed a collaborative reanalysis of 6 case\u2010control studies conducted between 1978 and 1999 in the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy, including a total of 2,768 incident, histologically confirmed cases of epithelial ovarian cancer and 6,274 hospital controls under age 70 years. A reduced risk of ovarian cancer was found for ever\u2010 compared to never\u2010users [odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56\u20130.79], and a stronger reduction was observed for women who had used OCs for \u22655 years (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.33\u20130.76) compared to those who had used them for &lt;5 years. The protective effect of OCs on ovarian cancer was consistent across strata of age, parity, menopausal status and family history of breast or ovarian cancer. After allowance for duration of use, no other time factor was related to ovarian cancer risk: the reduced risk was similar for women who stopped OC use \u226520 years before compared to &lt;10 years; likewise, no significant modification of risk reduction was observed for age at first OC use and time since first OC use. The present analysis indicates that, after taking into account duration of OC use, the OC protection from ovarian cancer persists for a long time after stopping use. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,24]],"date-time":"2002-10-24T13:00:00Z","timestamp":1035464400000},"page":"262-265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Long\u2010term effects of oral contraceptives on ovarian cancer 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