{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:48:44Z","timestamp":1790624924497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,20]],"date-time":"2002-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1032480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed the exposure of total <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitroso compounds (TNOCs) in the inhabitants of high\u2010 and low\u2010risk areas for esophageal cancer in southern China. Samples of 24 hr diet and 12 hr overnight urine were collected from 120 male adults in each of the 2 areas, a high\u2010risk area (Nan'ao County) and a low\u2010risk area (Lufeng County) for esophageal cancer. Annual standardized mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Nan'ao and Lufeng are 110\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> and 10\/10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> respectively. The 240 healthy male subjects (35\u201364 years old) were selected by a 3\u2010stage random cluster sample procedure. Levels of TNOCs, NAAs and volatile nitrosamines in the samples were measured. The TNOC detection rate (95%) in the diet, the TNOC daily intake (4.25 \u00b1 0.84 \u03bcmol), TNOC excretion levels (0.04 \u00b1 0.01 nmol\/12 hr) and daily intake of volatile nitrosamines (5.84 \u00b1 0.71 \u03bcmol) in the high\u2010risk area were significantly greater than values in the low\u2010risk area (A \u00b1 B = mean \u00b1 SE). The TNOC detection rate in the diet, the TNOC daily intake, TNOC excretion levels and daily intake of volatile nitrosamines in the low\u2010risk area were 70%, 0.25 \u00b1 0.06 \u03bcmol, 0.02 \u00b1 0.01 nmol\/12 hr and 3.18 \u00b1 0.31 \u03bcmol, respectively. NAA excretion levels showed no difference between the 2 areas (16.3 \u00b1 7.18 \u03bcmol\/12 hr for Nan'ao and 31.2 \u00b1 26.4 \u03bcmol\/12 hr for Lufeng). Thus, TNOCs are implicated in the etiology of esophageal cancer in southern China. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,24]],"date-time":"2002-10-24T13:00:00Z","timestamp":1035464400000},"page":"207-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Dietary exposure and urinary excretion of total <i>N<\/i>\u2010nitroso compounds, nitrosamino acids and volatile nitrosamine in inhabitants of high\u2010 and low\u2010risk areas for esophageal cancer in southern China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenying","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongying","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongning","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihhsin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"453","volume-title":"Chemistry and biology of N\u2010nitroso compounds","author":"Lijinsky W","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"189","article-title":"Occupational and environmental exposures 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