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Our study was undertaken to localize and identify the MT1\u2010MMP expressing cells in human breast adenocarcinomas. A textural analysis of images obtained by immunohistochemistry and <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization showed precisely the co\u2010expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (\u03b1SM actin) and MT1\u2010MMP in myofibroblasts. MT1\u2010MMP expression is confined to myofibroblasts in close contact with tumor cells. In sharp contrast, the expression of MMP\u20102 was more widely distributed in both \u03b1SM actin positive and negative cells close to and at distance from cancer cell clusters. Our <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> observations are consistent with the higher level of MT1\u2010MMP expression and of MMP\u20102 activation observed in \u03b1SM actin positive fibroblasts derived from breast tumors, as compared to normal breast fibroblasts. Collectively, these results implicate myofibroblasts as major producer of MT1\u2010MMP in breast cancer and emphasize the importance of stromal\u2010epithelial cell interactions in their progression. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,28]],"date-time":"2003-03-28T12:49:30Z","timestamp":1048855770000},"page":"7-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Restricted expression of membrane type 1\u2010matrix metalloproteinase by myofibroblasts adjacent to human breast cancer 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