{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T07:11:32Z","timestamp":1773990692593,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1047340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of our study was to examine the effect of lifetime lactation on breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. The data were from a prospective cohort study with a follow\u2010up period of 6 years in Korea (1995\u20132000). The cohort was composed of 110,604 premenopausal parous Korean women, aged 20 years and older, who received health insurance from the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation and who had medical evaluations in 1992 and 1994. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were tested, controlling for age, age at menarche, number of children, age at first pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, smoking, exercise and obesity. At baseline, 57,440 (51.9%) reported breastfeeding and 4,584 (4.1%) reported breastfeeding more than 24 months. From 1995\u20132000, 360 incident cases of breast cancer (61.8\/100,000 person\u2010years) occurred. Compared to parous women who had no history of lactation, a period of lactation of 13\u201324 months decreased the risk of breast cancer (RR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5\u20131.1), and this risk was decreased even further for those who breastfed for more than 24 months (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3\u20131.0). There was a clear trend of decreasing breast cancer risk with the duration of lactation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend &lt;0.001). In conclusion, our study of a large Korean cohort provides additional empirical evidence to current theoretical conjecture that lactation decreases the risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T15:07:07Z","timestamp":1050419227000},"page":"390-393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Effect of lifetime lactation on breast cancer risk: A Korean Women's Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Soon Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miyong T.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seon Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi Sook","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soo Jin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008784"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"211","article-title":"Risk factors for breast cancer in women in Northern Alberta, Canada, as related to age at diagnosis","volume":"68","author":"Lubin JH","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(89)90161-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.4.619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910420404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"1949","article-title":"Risk factors for breast cancer in Chinese women in Shanghai","volume":"48","author":"Yuan JM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/148.7.683"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199401133300201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19960717)67:2<161::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"435","article-title":"A case\u2010control study of breast cancer in Tianjin, China","volume":"1","author":"Wang QS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051791"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6209.223-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.42.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115629","article-title":"Lactation and risk of breast cancer in a cohort of US women","volume":"132","author":"London SJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90010-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.1.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.1793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.11.942"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(97)00131-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","unstructured":"YISW SullJW JeeSH OhrrHC.Agreement of diagnosis in medical records and diagnosis code in medical claim bills: focused on lung cancer and breast cancer. 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