{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T23:23:30Z","timestamp":1782516210551,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]],"date-time":"2003-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1057017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Forschungsfond of the Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg"},{"name":"Bl\u00fcmel-Stiftung, Mannheim"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The level of TNF\u03b1 expression is increased after partial hepatectomy, and experimental evidence exists that TNF\u03b1 plays a key role in liver regeneration. Contradictory results are reported about the influence of TNF\u03b1 on tumor growth: on the one hand, stimulation of tumor growth in various animal models and, on the other hand, intraperitoneally administered TNF\u03b1 leads to reduced metastasis formation. TNF\u03b1 may be one responsible factor for increased metastasis formation after surgical trauma. The objective of our study was to clarify the influence of TNF\u03b1 on the formation of liver metastases in a syngenic mouse model <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. We used a novel marker system, EGFP transfected C26 tumor cells for <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> observation of metastasis formation by intravital microscopy. We analyzed the effect of intraperitoneal TNF\u03b1\u2010injection on tumor cell adhesion, extravasation and tumor development. The expression of ICAM\u20101, VCAM\u20101 and E\u2010Selectin was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Tumor load was assessed by determining EGFP in Western blots. GdCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> was employed 24 and 48 hr before tumor cell injection to selectively deplete the liver of functioning Kupffer cells. We observed significantly more extravasated tumor cells in the TNF\u03b1\u2010pre\u2010treated animals at early time points with increased expression of adhesion molecules. Measurement of the EGFP levels showed fewer liver metastases in the TNF\u03b1\u2010pretreated animals at day 8. After GdCl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> pretreatment even lower levels of EGFP, <jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>, fewer metastases and also lower expression levels of ICAM\u20101, VCAM\u20101 and E\u2010Selectin could be observed. TNF\u03b1, acts in a bidirectional manner: whereas TNF\u03b1 facilitates tumor cell adhesion and extravasation of C26 tumor cells by inducing the expression of adhesion molecules, at later time points, TNF\u03b1 seems to hinder the formation of liver metastases. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T13:36:44Z","timestamp":1061559404000},"page":"11-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Influence of TNFA on the formation of liver metastases in a syngenic mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"J\u00f6rg 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