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Urinary IL\u20102 and \/IL\u201010 were measured by ELISA in 39 patients receiving BCG for superficial bladder cancer or carcinoma <jats:italic>in situ.<\/jats:italic> Measurements were made after each instillation of 81 mg of BCG Connaught (Immucyst) during the induction course and the 3\u2010week maintenance therapy (given at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months). Cytokine levels were correlated with the risk of recurrence, progression, leukocyturia and adverse events. Median follow\u2010up was 35 months (range 7\u201372 months). Complete responses to BCG were obtained in 30 patients (77%); the remaining 9 patients relapsed (23%), and 4 of these patients progressed (10.2%). Failure to detect urinary IL\u20102 during BCG induction course and the first extended induction cycle (6+3 schedule) correlated with time to recurrence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and progression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01). During the extended induction cycle, the first instillation was associated with an IL\u20102 cytokine profile, whereas the second and third instillations were associated with a switch to an IL\u201010 cytokine profile. This switch was associated with leukocyturia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001) and adverse events (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). The 6+3 schedule is associated with urinary IL\u20102 overproduction and improved recurrence\u2010 and progression\u2010free survival. During the BCG extended induction cycle, the favorable IL\u20102 urinary cytokine pattern gradually switches to an IL\u201010 profile, suggesting that the schedule based on 3 weekly instillations may be unsuitable for some patients and that the dose and frequency of maintenance BCG instillations may be adapted to individual urinary cytokine levels. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,19]],"date-time":"2003-09-19T10:39:24Z","timestamp":1063967964000},"page":"434-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Urinary IL\u20102 assay for monitoring intravesical bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin response of superficial bladder cancer during induction course and maintenance therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Fabien","family":"Saint","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Kurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Maille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Vordos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Hoznek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Soyeux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Jacques","family":"Patard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claude 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