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We analyzed the relationship between past occupational exposure to dyes, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other agents and mutations in codon 12 of the K\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> gene in 107 incident cases of EPC. Information on occupational and life\u2010style factors was obtained from personal interviews conducted during hospital stay. Occupational exposures were examined using industrial hygienists (IH) assessment and the Finnish job\u2010exposure matrix (Finjem). Specific occupational exposures among K\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> mutated EPC cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 83) were compared to those of K\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> wild\u2010type EPC cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 24) (case\u2010case analysis). Multivariate\u2010adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence limits were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. Cases with K\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> mutations were significantly more likely than wild\u2010type cases to have been exposed to dyes and organic pigments (OR 4.8; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). There was some indication of weaker associations between K\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> mutations and occupational exposure to lead, PAHs, benzo[a]pyrene, gasoline, nickel, inhalatory exposure to chromium and sedentary work. The association with chromium compounds was stronger for G to T transversions, a finding compatible with experimental studies on mutation spectra for chromium. Results lend moderate support to the hypothesis of indirect relationships between occupational exposure to dyes and organic pigments and the activation of the K\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> gene in the etiopathogenesis of human exocrine pancreatic cancer. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,26]],"date-time":"2003-09-26T05:39:41Z","timestamp":1064554781000},"page":"635-641","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Occupational exposure to dyes, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other agents and K\u2010<i>ras<\/i> activation in human exocrine pancreatic 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