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There were 312 study subjects including 174 men and 138 women sampled for the gastroendoscopic examination of IM. Information on personal and familial history of stomach cancer, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and intake frequency of various salted food items were obtained by personal interview based on a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from each participant. Four biopsies per subject were taken from all subjects at gastroendoscopic examination to diagnose the status of IM pathologically. The <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> in biopsies was detected by the histomorphological or immunochemistry method, and antibodies against <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> in serum by the enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma level of selenium was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, plasma level of retinol, \u03b1\u2010tocopherol, \u03b1\u2010carotene, and \u03b2\u2010carotene by high performance liquid chromatography, genotypes of glutathione <jats:sc>S<\/jats:sc>\u2010transferase (<jats:italic>GST<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>M1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T1<\/jats:italic> and cytochrome P450 (<jats:italic>CYP<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>2E1<\/jats:italic> by polymerase chain reaction. The significant association between history of stomach cancer among first\u2010degree relatives and incomplete IM was found (odds ratio [OR] = 2.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15\u20135.43). There was no association between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and incomplete IM. Alcohol drinkers for &gt;20 years had an elevated risk compared to non\u2010drinkers (OR = 3.34; 95% CI = 1.19\u20139.39). No associations between incomplete IM and plasma levels of selenium, retinol, \u03b1\u2010tocopherol, \u03b1\u2010carotene and \u03b2\u2010carotene were found. Salted food including salted meat, dehydrated salted vegetables and raw salted seafood consumed at ages of \u226415 and 16\u201330 years old was associated with an increased IM risk with OR ranging from 2\u20133. More striking associations between incomplete IM and salted food intake were observed among subjects with genotypes of <jats:italic>GSTM1<\/jats:italic> null, <jats:italic>GSTT1<\/jats:italic> non\u2010null and <jats:italic>CYP2E1<\/jats:italic> c1\/c1. Our study suggests the importance of gene\u2013environment interaction on the development of incomplete IM. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T18:59:51Z","timestamp":1086116391000},"page":"606-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Modification effects of <i>GSTM1<\/i>, <i>GSTT1<\/i> and <i>CYP2E1<\/i> polymorphisms on associations between raw salted food and incomplete intestinal metaplasia in a high\u2010risk area of stomach 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