{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T09:20:40Z","timestamp":1759742440040},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,5]],"date-time":"2004-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We previously established 2 lung cancer cell lines, OKa\u2010C\u20101 and MI\u20104, which constitutively produce an abundant dose of granulocyte\u2010colony stimulating factor (G\u2010CSF) and granulocyte macrophage\u2010colony stimulating factor (GM\u2010CSF). Many other cases with G\u2010CSF or GM\u2010CSF producing tumors have been reported up to the present. However, the biological properties of the overproduction of G\u2010CSF and GM\u2010CSF by tumor cells have not been well known. Several reports demonstrated the presence of an autocrine growth loop for G\u2010CSF and GM\u2010CSF in nonhematopoietic tumor cells. We showed that exogenous G\u2010CSF and GM\u2010CSF stimulated cell growth in a dose\u2010dependent manner in OKa\u2010C\u20101 and MI\u20104 cells. We could detect the presence of G\u2010CSF and GM\u2010CSF receptors in both cell lines by RT\u2010PCR analysis. We have previously shown that inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 and interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2 enhance the expression of G\u2010CSF and GM\u2010CSF in the cell lines. However, the factors that regulate constitutive production of G\u2010CSF or GM\u2010CSF by tumor cells are still unknown well. In our study, we first reported that serum deprivation stimulated constitutive production of G\u2010CSF and GM\u2010CSF by lung tumor cells through activation of nuclear factor (NF)\u2010\u03baB and p44\/42 mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway signaling. We suggest that G\u2010CSF and GM\u2010CSF constitutively produced by tumor cells could grow tumor itself and rescue tumor cells from the cytotoxicity of serum deprivation. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,12]],"date-time":"2004-03-12T08:01:33Z","timestamp":1079078493000},"page":"826-832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of serum deprivation on constitutive production of granulocyte\u2010colony stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage\u2010colony stimulating factor in lung cancer 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