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Chemokines play important roles in migration and tissue localization of various lymphocyte subsets. Here, we report the highly frequent expression of CCL5 (RANTES) in ATL and HTLV\u2010I\u2010infected T\u2010cell lines. Among various human T\u2010cell lines, those infected with HTLV\u2010I selectively expressed the <jats:italic>CCL5<\/jats:italic> gene and secreted CCL5. Furthermore, CCL5 was expressed by leukemic cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes from patients with ATL. Inducible expression of HTLV\u2010I transcriptional activator Tax in a human T\u2010cell line Jurkat, up\u2010regulated CCL5 mRNA and induced CCL5 secretion. Analysis of the CCL5 promoter revealed that this gene is activated by Tax, <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the activation of NF\u2010\u03baB, whose responsive element, R(A\/B), is located at positions \u221271 to \u221243 relative to the putative transcription start site. Aberrant expression of CCL5 by HTLV\u2010I\u2010infected T cells may impact on the pathophysiology of HTLV\u2010I\u2010associated diseases. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,4]],"date-time":"2004-05-04T18:01:00Z","timestamp":1083693660000},"page":"548-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Elevated expression of CCL5\/RANTES in adult T\u2010cell leukemia cells: Possible transactivation of the <i>CCL5<\/i> gene by human T\u2010cell leukemia virus type I tax"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan 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