{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:16:27Z","timestamp":1790021787130,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]],"date-time":"2004-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because of large intra\u2010individual variation in hormone levels, few studies have investigated the relation of serum sex hormones to breast cancer (BC) in premenopausal women. We prospectively studied this relation, adjusting for timing of blood sampling within menstrual cycle. Premenopausal women (5,963), recruited to the Hormones and Diet in the Etiology of Breast Tumors (ORDET) cohort study, provided a blood sample in the 20\u201324th day of their menstrual cycle. After 5.2 years of follow\u2010up, 65 histologically confirmed BC cases were identified and matched individually to 4 randomly selected controls. Sera, stored at \u221280\u00b0C, were assayed blindly for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, total and free testosterone (FT), androstenedione, androstanediol\u2010glucoronide, progesterone, 17\u2010OH\u2010progesterone, sex hormone\u2010binding globulin, follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Fifty\u2010five cases had information for multivariate analyses. Compared to controls, BC cases had shorter cycles and intervals between blood sampling and bleeding, and lower LH and FSH. FT was significantly associated with BC risk: relative risk (RR; adjusted for age, body mass index and ovarian cycle variables) of highest <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. lowest tertile was 2.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11\u20137.33, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.030]. Progesterone was inversely associated with adjusted RR for highest <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. lowest tertile of 0.40 (95% CI = 0.15\u20131.08, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.077), significantly so in women with regular menses, where adjusted RR was 0.12 (95% CI = 0.03\u20130.52, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend = 0.005). These findings support the hypothesis that ovarian hyperandrogenism associated with luteal insufficiency increases the risk of BC in premenopausal women. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]],"date-time":"2004-06-10T20:02:56Z","timestamp":1086897776000},"page":"312-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Endogenous sex hormones and subsequent breast cancer in premenopausal 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