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The subjects completed a self\u2010administered questionnaire on cigarette smoking and other health habits. We identified 228 cases of gastric cancer among Cohort 1 subjects (9 years of follow\u2010up with 74,073 person\u2010years) and 223 among Cohort 2 subjects (7 years of follow\u2010up with 141,675 person\u2010years). From each cohort, we computed the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of gastric cancer associated with smoking using a Cox regression analysis and pooled these estimates to obtain summary measures. The pooled multivariate RRs (95% CIs) for current smokers and past smokers compared to subjects who had never smoked were 1.84 (1.39\u20132.43) and 1.77 (1.29\u20132.43), respectively. The higher number of cigarettes smoked per day among current smokers was associated with a linear increase in risk (trend <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The significant increase in risk for past smokers remained for up to 14 years after cessation. An increased risk was noted for cancer of the antrum but not for cardia or body lesions. The risk was increased for both differentiated and nondifferentiated histologic subtypes. Our findings support the hypothesis that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for gastric cancer. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,19]],"date-time":"2004-08-19T16:13:45Z","timestamp":1092932025000},"page":"1049-1055","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Cigarette smoking and the risk of gastric cancer: A pooled analysis of two prospective studies in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Yayoi","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Tsubono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Kuriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Shibuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"506","volume-title":"Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective","author":"Potter JD","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i2.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01480.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10201"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10149"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2002.tb02470.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750065988"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011290704728"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000201)85:3<340::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990611)81:6<871::AID-IJC6>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.9.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19990331)81:1<39::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19991008)83:2<223::AID-IJC13>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00408.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008829321668"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.17.1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.6.1146"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960615)77:12<2449::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Obesity, alcohol, and tobacco as risk factors for cancers of the esophagus and gastric cardia: adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Vaughan TL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910570106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910560407"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00053153"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01878.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01930.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00056210"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","first-page":"6559","article-title":"A comparative case\u2010control analysis of stomach cancer and atrophic gastritis","volume":"50","author":"Kato I","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","first-page":"297","article-title":"Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking in gastric cancer. 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