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HLA\u2010A*0201\u2010positive patients with surgically treated melanoma received either a \u201cprime\u2010boost\u201d DNA\/MVA or a homologous MVA\u2010only regimen. <jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic> tetramer analysis, performed at multiple time points, provided detailed kinetics of vaccine\u2010driven CTL responses specific for the high\u2010affinity melan\u2010A<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib26\">26<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib27\">27<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib28\">28<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib29\">29<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib30\">30<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib31\">31<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib32\">32<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib33\">33<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib34\">34<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib35\">35<\/jats:ext-link> analogue epitope. Melan\u2010A26\u201035\u2010specific CTL were generated in 2\/6 patients who received DNA\/MVA (detectable only after the first MVA injection) and 4\/7 patients who received MVA only. <jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic> ELISPOT analysis and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> proliferation assays confirmed the effector function of these CTL. Responses were seen in smallpox\u2010vaccinated as well as vaccinia\u2010na\u00efve patients, as defined by anti\u2010vaccinia antibody responses demonstrated by ELISA assay. The observations that 1) CTL responses were generated to only 1 of the recombinant epitopes and 2) that the magnitude of these responses (0.029\u20130.19% CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells) was below the levels usually seen in acute viral infections suggest that to ensure high numbers of CTL specific for multiple recombinant epitopes, a deeper understanding of the interplay between CTL responses specific for the viral vector and recombinant epitopes is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]],"date-time":"2004-09-14T10:04:14Z","timestamp":1095156254000},"page":"259-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara primes functionally activated CTL specific for a melanoma tumor antigen epitope in melanoma patients with a high risk of disease recurrence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Caroline L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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