{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:38:07Z","timestamp":1776119887599,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,18]],"date-time":"2004-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1100736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>HOX<\/jats:italic> genes act as master genes to control morphogenesis. In human, HOX genes form 4 clusters composing 9 to 11 <jats:italic>HOX<\/jats:italic> genes (39 genes in total) on different chromosomes. We hypothesized that aberrant expression of <jats:italic>HOX<\/jats:italic> genes was associated with development and subsequent progression of melanoma and that the 39 <jats:italic>HOX<\/jats:italic> gene expression pattern determined the sites where melanoma grew. The expression levels of 39 <jats:italic>HOX<\/jats:italic> genes in 15 human cutaneous melanoma specimens and 7 nevus pigmentosus specimens were quantified by a comprehensive analysis system based on the real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR method. We found that the expression levels of <jats:italic>HOXA11, A13, B9, D12<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D13<\/jats:italic> in melanoma were higher than those in nevus pigmentosus and that the expression levels of <jats:italic>HOXA11, B2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C13<\/jats:italic> were significantly different between pT4 melanoma and pT1 to pT3 melanoma. It was most notable that the expression levels of <jats:italic>HOXA1, A2, C4<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B13<\/jats:italic> in melanoma with distant metastasis were higher than those in melanoma without it. On the other hand, we found no relationship between <jats:italic>HOX<\/jats:italic> genes expression patterns and the growing sites of melanoma. These results indicated that the misexpressions of some specific <jats:italic>HOX<\/jats:italic> genes were implicated in melanoma genesis and metastasis but had no linkage with melanoma sites. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,18]],"date-time":"2004-11-18T17:17:50Z","timestamp":1100798270000},"page":"436-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Altered expressions of <i>HOX<\/i> genes in human cutaneous malignant 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