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PEL tumor cells are latently infected with Kaposi sarcoma\u2010associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and in most cases co\u2010infected with Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV). In 15 primary PEL tumors including 10 EBV\u2010positive cases, we analyzed the fused terminal repeat (TR) regions of KSHV episomes using pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis and Southern blot. On the same genomic DNA samples, the cellular clonality was assessed by Southern blot and PCR detection of monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) VDJ gene rearrangements, associated in the EBV\u2010infected cases, with Southern blot analysis of the fused termini of EBV episomes. Monoclonal IGH gene rearrangements were detected in 13 tumors using Southern blot, in 11 cases using PCR, and in all cases considering both methods. EBV infection was monoclonal in all EBV\u2010positive cases. However, only 5 PEL tumors were found to be monoclonally infected with KSHV. In the 10 other cases, we found a biclonal (2 bands; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4) or an oligoclonal pattern (3\u20136 bands; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6) of KSHV episomes. We hypothesized that the apparent discrepancy between viral and cellular clonalities in PEL might be due to several phenomena including complex mechanisms of genomic recircularization, insertion of duplicated sequences into the TR region and simultaneous infection of tumor cells with defective KSHV variants. KSHV infection of contaminating nontumoral cells, superinfection from lytically infected cells or viral integration events might also explain the oligoclonal pattern of KSHV infection. Several of these mechanisms, not mutually exclusive, might coexist in a single tumor. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,7]],"date-time":"2005-02-07T16:21:19Z","timestamp":1107793279000},"page":"511-518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Mono\/oligoclonal pattern of Kaposi Sarcoma\u2010associated herpesvirus (KSHV\/HHV\u20108) episomes in primary effusion lymphoma 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