{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:18:52Z","timestamp":1790878732869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,7]],"date-time":"2005-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous work suggests that cervical cancer may aggregate in families. We evaluated the association between a family history of gynecological tumors and risk of squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the cervix in 2 studies conducted in Costa Rica and the United States. The Costa Rican study consisted of 2,073 women (85 diagnosed with CIN3 or cancer, 55 diagnosed with CIN2 and 1,933 controls) selected from a population\u2010based study of 10,049 women. The U.S. study consisted of 570 women (124 with <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> or invasive adenocarcinomas, 139 with <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> or invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix and 307 community\u2010based controls) recruited as part of a multicentric case\u2010control study in the eastern part of the United States. Information on family history of cervical and other cancers among first\u2010degree relatives was ascertained <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> questionnaire. Information on other risk factors for cervical cancer was obtained <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> questionnaire. Human papillomavirus (HPV) exposure was assessed in both studies using broad spectrum HPV L1\u2010based PCR testing of exfoliated cervicovaginal cells and in Costa Rica by additional testing of plasma collected from participants for antibodies against the L1 protein of HPV types 16, 18, 31 and 45 by ELISA. A family history of cervical cancer in a first\u2010degree relative was associated with increased risk of squamous tumors in both studies (odds ration [OR] = 3.2 for CIN3\/cancer <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. controls; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1\u20139.4 in Costa Rica; OR = 2.6 for <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\/invasive squamous cell carcinoma cases <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> controls, 95% CI = 1.1\u20136.4 in the Eastern United States study). These associations were evident regardless of whether the affected relative was a mother, sister or daughter of the study participant. Furthermore, observed effects were not strongly modified by age. In Costa Rica, the effect persisted in analysis restricted to HPV\u2010exposed individuals (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.0\u20139.0), whereas in the Eastern United States study there was evidence of attenuation of risk in analysis of squamous carcinoma cases restricted to HPV positive women (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 0.29\u20136.6). No significant association was observed between a family history of cervical cancer in a first\u2010degree relative and adenocarcinomas (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.43\u20133.9). History of gynecological tumors other than cervical cancer in a first\u2010degree relative was not significantly associated with risk of disease in either study. These results are consistent with a role of host factors in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cervical cancer, although familial aggregation due to shared environmental exposures cannot be ruled out. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,7]],"date-time":"2005-04-07T18:16:40Z","timestamp":1112897800000},"page":"599-605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Family history as a co\u2010factor for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Results from two studies conducted in Costa Rica and the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Alice de M.","family":"Zelmanowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Schiffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolando","family":"Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisa M.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Sherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Burk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patti","family":"Gravitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Viscidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willard","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigue","family":"Mortel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Silverberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Buckland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Hildesheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","series-title":"Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. 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