{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:56:20Z","timestamp":1787068580332,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,13]],"date-time":"2005-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl Journal of Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although evidence has been mounting that obesity may be related to the increased incidence of oesophageal and gastric cardia malignancies, these reports (mainly case\u2010control studies) have relied on imperfect measures of obesity such as body mass index (BMI), and generally have not clearly distinguished between anatomical subsites within the oesophagus and stomach. In a prospective study of people aged 27\u201375 years, we directly measured fat mass and fat\u2010free mass (using bioelectrical impedance analysis), height, weight and waist and hip circumferences. Among 41,295 people followed on average for 11.3 years, 30 cases with cancers in the gastric cardia or lower third of the oesophagus and 68 cases with noncardia gastric adenocarcinomas were ascertained\n                    <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                    the population cancer registry. The risk of adenocarcinoma of the lower oesophagus and gastric cardia was positively associated with BMI with a hazards ratio (HR) and (95% confidence interval) for people with BMI \u2265 30 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    compared with those &lt;25 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , of 3.7 (1.1\u201312.4), an HR per 10 cm increase in waist circumference of 1.46 (1.05\u20132.04), and a HR per 10 kg increase on fat\u2010free mass of 2.06 (1.15\u20133.69). Noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma showed little relationship with body size. We observed an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the lower oesophagus and gastric cardia associated with increased BMI, central adiposity and the nonfat component of weight, but found no association with noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma. An increasing prevalence of obesity may be associated with the increasing incidence of gastro\u2010oesophageal cancer observed in many populations. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,13]],"date-time":"2005-12-13T13:21:17Z","timestamp":1134480077000},"page":"2628-2631","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Body size and composition and the risk of gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"MacInnis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dallas R.","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Hopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham G.","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2004.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"369","article-title":"Etiology of Barrett's metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Kim R","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000016573.79453.ba"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.2.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021423"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.2.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000043434.21558.ea"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10149"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"481","article-title":"Body mass index and the risk of cancers of the gastric cardia and distal stomach in Shanghai, China","volume":"6","author":"Ji BT","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-199904000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"863","article-title":"Risk factors for malignant diseases: a cohort study on a population of 22,946 Icelanders","volume":"6","author":"Tulinius H","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Obesity, alcohol, and tobacco as risk factors for cancers of the esophagus and gastric cardia: adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Vaughan TL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011290704728"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"761","article-title":"Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia: medical conditions, tobacco, alcohol, and socioeconomic factors","volume":"5","author":"Zhang ZF","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i12.2658"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"The Melbourne study of diet and cancer","volume":"15","author":"Giles GG","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc Aust"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Anthropometric standardization reference manual","author":"Lohman TG","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"347","volume-title":"Modelling survival data in medical research","author":"Collett D","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/52A.3.M129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","volume-title":"Physical status. 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